308 SECRETION. 



experiments were published, Lehmann, 1 Frerichs, 8 and many 

 others verified their accuracy. Bernard gives in full the 

 experiments of Poggiale 8 and of Leconte, 4 the results of 

 which were identical with his own. He gives, also, in one 

 of his later works, the proportions of sugar in the blood of 

 the hepatic veins, obtained by Lehmann, Schmidt, Poggiale, 

 and Leconte; no sugar being found in the blood of the por- 

 tal system. 6 "We have ourselves made a number of experi- 

 ments with a view of harmonizing, if possible, the discordant 

 observations of Bernard and Pavy, and have examined the 

 blood from the hepatic veins for sugar, taking the speci- 

 mens under what seemed to be strictly physiological condi- 

 tions. In one of these published experiments, blood was 

 taken from the hepatic veins of a large dog, fully grown and 

 fed regularly every day, but not in digestion at the time of 

 the experiment, and the operation lasted only seventy 

 seconds. No anaesthetic was employed. The extract of 

 this specimen of blood, treated with Fehling's test-liquid, 

 presented a well-marked deposit of the oxide of copper, 

 revealing unequivocally the presence of a small quantity of 

 sugar. 9 This has been the invariable result in numerous 

 experiments and class-demonstrations made since 1858 ; and 

 since the experiments just referred to were published, we 

 have verified the observation with regard to the hepatic 

 blood, keeping the animal perfectly quiet before the opera- 



1 LEHMANN, Physiological Chemistry, Philadelphia, 1855, vol. i., p. 257. 

 9 FRERICHS, Verdauung. WAGNER'S Handworterbuch der Physiologic, Braun- 

 schweig, 1846, Bd. iii., erste Abtheilung, S. 831. 



3 POGGIALE, La matiere sucree se forme-t-elle par V action digestive, dans lefoie 

 et dans le torrent circulatoire ? in BERNARD, Lemons de physiologic experimentale, 

 Paris, 1855, p. 497. 



4 LECONTE, Recherches sur la fonction glucogenique du foie, Idem, p. 499. 



5 BERNARD, Liquides de Vorganisme, Paris, 1859, tome ii., p. 98. 



6 FLINT, Jr., Experiments undertaken for the Purpose of reconciling some of 

 the Discordant Observations upon the Glycogenic Function of the Liver. New 

 York Medical Journal, 1869, vol. viii., p. 381. These experiments will be referred 

 to again in treating of the question of the existence of sugar in the substance 

 of the liver during life. 



