DUCTLESS GLANDS. 357 



capsules in rabbits, Guinea-pigs, dogs, and cats, and the ani- 

 mals died in the course of two or three days. He also noted 

 several peculiar results, as turning, and contraction of the 

 pupil, when one capsule had been extirpated, and the de- 

 velopment of peculiar crystals in the blood. M. Gratiolet 

 repeated these experiments, and ascertained that the left 

 capsule could be removed with impunity, while extirpation 

 of the right was always fatal. 1 M. Philipeaux added a num- 

 ber of observations, experimenting chiefly on rats and taking 

 great care to disturb the adjacent organs as little as possible. 

 As the result of these experiments, he concluded that the 

 capsules were not essential to life. Of four rats operated 

 upon in this way, three died, as Philipeaux supposed, of 

 cold, the first in nine days, the second in twenty-three days, 

 and the third in thirty-four days. One was alive and well 

 when the report was made, although the capsules had been 

 removed for forty-nine days. 3 The views first advanced by 

 Dr. Brown-Sequard were reiterated by him in a memoir 

 published in the Journal de la physiologie, in 1858, with the 

 modification that the capsules might have no important 

 functions in animals without pigment, as white rabbits and 

 rats, but that they were indispensable to the life of animals 

 not albinos. 8 These views, however, were further disproved 

 by Dr. Harley, who made experiments upon a variety of 

 animals, albinos and colored, with the most satisfactory re- 

 sults. Two Guinea-pigs were experimented upon by Dr. 

 Harley, in the following way: In one the abdomen was 

 opened, and the amount of injury which the parts would 

 suffer by removal of the suprarenal capsules was inflicted, 

 the wound was closed, and the capsules allowed to remain ; 

 and the other, of the same age, sex, and development, was 



1 GRATIOLET, Note sur les effete qui suivent Variation dcs capsules surrenales. 

 Comptes rendus, Paris, 1856, tome xliii., p. 469. 



2 PHILIPEAUX, Note sur ^extirpation des capsules surrenales chez les rats albino*. 

 Comptes rendus, Paris, 1856, tome xliii., p. 904. 



3 BROWN-SEQUARD, Nouvdles recherches sur ^importance des fonciions des cap? 

 sules surrenales. Journal de la physiologic, Paris, 1858, tome i., p. 160, at seq. 



