HEAT. 397 



other, and 102 in a third, when the body was exposed to a 

 heat of more than 212 . 1 MM. Delaroche and Berger, how- 

 ever, found that the temperature in the mouth could be in- 

 creased by from 3 to 9, after sixteen minutes' exposure to 

 intense heat. 3 This was for the external parts only ; but it 

 is not at all probable that the temperature of the internal 

 organs ever undergoes such extensive variations. 



It is very difficult to estimate the temperature in persons 

 exposed to intense cold, as in Arctic explorations, because 

 the greatest care is always taken to protect the surface of the 

 body as fully as possible ; but experiments have shown that 

 the animal heat may be considerably reduced, as a tempo- 

 rary condition, without producing death. In the. latter part 

 of the last century, Dr. Currie caused the temperature in 

 a man to fall 15 by immersion in a cold bath; but he 

 could not bring it below 83. This extreme depression, 

 however, lasted only two or three minutes, and the tem- 

 perature afterward returned to within a few degrees of 

 the normal standard. 3 Nearly the same results were ob- 

 tained by Hunter, in a series of experiments on a mouse. 

 With an external temperature of 60, he found the tempera- 

 ture in the upper part of the abdomen 99, and in the pelvis 

 96. The animal was then exposed for an hour to a cold 



1 DOBSON, Experiments in an Heated Room. Philosophical Transactions, Lon- 

 don, 1775, p. 463, et seq. 



2 DELAROCHE, Experiences sur les effets qu'une forte chaleur produit dans Tecono- 

 mie animale. Theses de Paris, 1806, tome i., No. xi. M. Delaroche, in connec- 

 tion with M. Berger, made a number of very interesting experiments upon the 

 influence of high temperatures upon the general heat of the body. Delaroche 

 remained for eight minutes exposed to a temperature of 176, and the tempera- 

 ture under the tongue was raised from a little over 98 to nearly 107. In an 

 experiment of the same kind by Berger, the temperature was raised, in sixteen 

 minutes, from 98 to nearly 105. Enclosed in a hot steam-bath of from 100 

 to 120, the temperature, in one instance, was raised, in thirteen minutes, to 

 over 103, and in another, in fifteen minutes, to 101 (Loc. cit., pp. 43, 44). 



3 CURRIE, An Account of the remarkable Effects of a Shipwreck on the Mari- 

 ners ; with Experiments and Observations on the Influence of Immersion in fresh 

 and salt Water, hot and cold, on the Powers of the living Body. Philosophical 

 transactions, London, 1792, p. 204, et seq. 



