i(>2 NERVOUS SYSTEM. 



pharyngeal, Longet mentions a preparation by Richet, in 

 the museum of the tiooU de medecine, of Paris, in which 

 branches of the facial on one side passed directly to the 

 palato-glossus and the palato-pharyngeus without any con- 

 nection with the glosso-pharyngeal nerve. 1 In our ana- 

 tomical description of the branches of the facial, we have 

 already noted a filament, described by Hirschfeld, which 

 passes to the stylo-glossus and palato-glossus muscles. 2 

 This is the filament affected in deviation of the point of the 

 tongue. 



In view of the pathological examples of paralysis of the 

 palate and uvula in certain cases of facial palsy, the frequent 

 occurrence of contractions of the muscles of these parts upon 

 galvanization of the facial, and the reflex action through the 

 glosso-pharyngeal and the facial, there can be little doubt 

 that the muscles of the palate and uvula are animated by 

 filaments derived from the seventh nerve. The effects of 

 paralysis of these muscles are manifested by more or less 

 difficulty in deglutition and in the pronunciation of certain 

 words, with great difficulty in the expulsion of mucus collect- 

 ed in the back part of the mouth and the pharynx. These 

 points are well illustrated in the case of facial palsy, with 

 paralysis of one side of the palate, cited by Bernard. 3 



Functions of the External Branches of the Facial. The 

 general function of the branches of the facial going to the 

 superficial muscles of the face is sufficiently evident, in view 

 of our present knowledge of the distribution of these branch- 

 es and the general properties of the nerve. Throughout the 

 writings of Sir Charles Bell, the facial is spoken of as the 

 " respiratory nerve of the face." It is now recognized as the 

 nerve which presides over the movements of the superficial 

 muscles of the face, not including those directly concerned 

 in the act of mastication. This being its general function, it 



1 LONGET, op. tit., tome ill, p. 581. 2 See page 150. 



3 BERNARD, op. tit., tome ii., p. 133. 



