TKIFACIAL NEK YE. 197 



division of the nerve. At the same time, there is an in- 

 creased discharge from the mucous membranes of the nose 

 and mouth upon the affected side, and ulcers appear upon 

 the tongue and lips. It is probable, also, that disorders in 

 the nutrition of the auditory apparatus follow the opera- 

 tion, though these are not so prominent. These phenom- 

 ena undoubtedly led Magendie to advance the view that 

 section of the fifth involves destruction of the organs of 

 special sense, 1 though, as we have seen, these results are con- 

 secutive and not immediate. Animals affected in this way 

 usually die in from fifteen to twenty days. 



One of the most interesting facts, particularly in view of 

 the information derived from later observations, in connec- 

 tion with the early experiments of Magendie, is, that he noted 

 that " the alterations in nutrition are much less marked " * 

 when the division is effected behind the ganglion of Gasser, 

 than when it is done in the ordinary way through the gan- 

 glion. It is difficult enough to divide the nerve completely 

 within the cranium, and is almost impossible to make the 

 operation at will through or behind the ganglion, and the 

 phenomena of inflammation are absent only in exceptional 

 and accidental instances. 'Magendie offers no satisfactory 

 explanation of the differences in the consecutive phenomena 

 coincident with the locality of section of the nerve. The 

 facts, however, have been abundantly verified by Longet, 8 

 Bernard, 4 and other experimenters. In the numerous ex- 

 periments that we have made upon the fifth pair, we have 

 generally noted the consecutive inflammatory phenomena in 

 the order above described ; but in exceptional instances, 

 these phenomena have been wanting. The following ex- 

 periment illustrates these exceptional operations : 



1 Loc. cit. 2 Journal de physiologic, Paris, 1824, tome iv., p. 304. 



3 LONGET, Anatomic et physiologic du systemc ncrreux, Paris, 1842, tome il, 

 p. 162. 



4 BERNARD, Lemons sur la physiologic ft la pathologic du systeme nerveux, Paris, 

 1858, tome ii., p. 60. 



