206 NERVOUS SYSTEM. 



filament of communication to the pneumogastric at the gan- 

 glion of the root. This filament, joined at the ganglion by 

 sensory filaments from the pneumogastric and some fila- 

 ments from the glosso-pharyngeal, is called the auricular 

 branch of Arnold. By some anatomists, it is regarded as a 

 branch from the facial, 1 and by others it is described with 

 the pneumogastric. 8 



Two or three small filaments of communication pass 

 from the sublingual to the ganglion of the trunk of the 

 pneumogastric.' 



At the ganglion of the trunk, the pneumogastric gener- 

 ally receives filaments of communication from the arcade 

 formed by the anterior branches of the first two cervical 

 nerves. These, however, are not constant. 



The pneumogastric is connected with the sympathetic 

 system by numerous delicate filaments of communication re- 

 ceived from the superior cervical ganglion, passing in part 

 upward toward the ganglion of the root of the pneumogas- 

 tric, and in part transversely and downward. These fila- 

 ments are frequently short, and, as it were, bind the sympa- 

 thetic ganglion to the trunk of the nerve. The main trunk 

 of the pneumogastric and its branches receive a few delicate 

 filaments of communication from the middle and inferior 

 cervical and the upper dorsal ganglia of the sympathetic. 



The pneumogastric frequently sends a very delicate fila- 

 ment to the glosso-pharyngeal nerve, at or near the gan- 

 glion of Andersch. Branches from the pneumogastric join 

 branches from the glosso-pharyngeal, the spinal accessory, 

 and the sympathetic, to form the pharyngeal plexus. 



Distribution. In describing the very extensive distribu- 

 tion of the pneumogastrics, while the nerves upon the two 

 sides do not present any important differences in the desti- 

 nation of their filaments as far down as the diaphragm, it 



1 HIRSCHFELD, Systeme nerveux, Paris, 1866, p. 205. 



2 SATPEY, Traite cTanxtomie, Paris, 1852, tome ii., p. 287. 



