FUNCTIONS OF THE CEREBRUM. 325 



sive and interesting of the subdivisions of the science ; but 

 its range is so extensive, that it has long been regarded as a 

 science by itself, and is only treated of exhaustively in special 

 treatises on psychology. The study of psychology has been 

 pursued by the method of observation much more than by 

 direct experiment. It comprehends, it is true, the facts de- 

 duced from experiments upon living animals, but the results 

 obtained by this method are comparatively few 'and their 

 scope is restricted. Nevertheless, they are sufficiently defi- 

 nite ; and if these results be corrected and applied to the hu- 

 man subject by a comparison with pathological facts, there 

 still remains in psychology much that may be regarded as 

 within the range of experimental physiology ; for pathologi- 

 cal cases are very frequently available to the physiologist as 

 accidental experiments indicating the functions of parts of 

 the human organism. We cannot restrict ourselves, how- 

 ever, to this method in the study of the intellectual phenom- 

 ena ; and must draw upon facts in comparative anatomy and 

 physiology, anthropology, and, finally, upon the direct obser- 

 vation and classification of the intellectual processes. 



The experimental physiologist has shown that the en- 

 cephalon may receive impressions and appreciate them as 

 sensations ; that impressions maybe here connected and give 

 rise to various of the phenomena of animal and intellectual 

 existence ; that impressions are recorded by the memory ; 

 and, finally, that certain parts are endowed with special func- 

 tions. But beyond this, psychology is a science mainly of in- 

 trospective observation ; the facts contributed by the experi- 

 mentalist being few and barren. The observer of intellectual 

 phenomena studies the process of development of the mind. 

 He soon separates the instinctive phenomena, observed 

 in the lower animals, and in the human being without expe- 

 rience, from the acts which follow experience, observation, 

 the recording of impressions by memory, and the generation 

 of ideas. He brings his perfected intelligence to bear upon 

 the process of development of the same kind of intelligence 



