344 JS'ERVOUS SYSTEM. 



of the comparative weights of the encephalon in the Cauca- 

 sian, tue negro, and the intermediate grades produced by the 

 union of the two races. The observations in this table are 

 hardly sufficient in number to establish the exact relations 

 between the brains in the different grades of color, but they 

 illustrate points of peculiar interest in this country, where 

 the blacks are so numerous, a- 1 1 where the union of the two 

 races, white and black, is so common. As far as the re- 

 sults go. they are in decided opposition to those given by 

 Tiedemann, in his remarkable memoir on the brain of the 

 negro. 1 



We also give a list of some of the well-authenticated 

 weights of the encephalon in men whose intellectual faculties 

 had been observed during life. 2 This latter list we have pre- 

 pared with great care, and have introduced some observa- 

 tions not found in the works on physiology. In estimating 

 the intellectual power of individuals, it is difficult to arrive 

 at exact conclusions, except with regard to men of acknowl- 

 edged eminence. Still, the statements are as accurate as 

 possible, and must be taken for what they are worth. Sev- 

 eral of the examples given in this list are marked exceptions 

 to the general rule, that the mental vigor is in proportion to 

 the development of brain-substance. 9 



1 TIEDEMANN, Das Him des Negers, Heidelberg, 1837. 



2 We have not considered it necessary to enter into a discussion of the rela- 

 tions of the facial angle to intelligence, in the lower animals and in different 

 races of men. It was proposed by Camper to take the angle made at the junc- 

 tion of two lines, one drawn from the most projecting part of the forehead to 

 the alveolae of the teeth of the upper jaw, and another passing horizontally back- 

 ward from the lower extremity of the first line, as the facial angle. This angle 

 is, to a certain extent, a measure of the projection of the anterior lobes of the 

 brain. Numerous observations upon the facial angle in different races were 

 made by Camper and other physiologists and ethnologists. They show, in gen- 

 eral terms, that the angle is larger in man than in any of the inferior animals, and 

 is largest in those races that possess the greatest development of intellectual 

 power. (CAMPER, Dissertation physique sur les differences reelles que presentent 

 les traits du visage, etc., Autrecht, 1791. BROCA, Sur tangle facial ft le triangle 

 facial. Mhnoires d'anthropologie, Paris, 1871, tome i., p. 110.) 



