THE FACULTY OF ARTICULATE LANGUAGE. 353 



verted into a substance resembling the lees of wine. It did 

 not appear that this part had been swollen, and that it had 

 become larger than natural. 



"Xeither the optic thalami nor the optic nerves were 

 injured." 1 



The great interest of this case will appear when we come 

 to note the connection between aphasia and the left anterior 

 lobe of the cerebrum. 



As a preliminary to the location of the nerve-centre pre- 

 siding exclusively over speech, it is necessary to establish the 

 existence of the power of articulate language as a distinct 

 faculty; and this is done by cases of disease in which this 

 faculty seems to be lost, the general mental condition being 

 unaffected. Passing over the passages in the writings of the 

 ancients, in which it is stated that the power of speech is 

 sometimes lost, and even some writers in the beginning of 

 the present century, who connected this difficulty with lesions 

 of the anterior lobes of the brain, we come to the observa- 

 tions of Dr. Marc Dax, who, in 1836, read a paper before 

 the medical congress at Montpellier, in which he showed im- 

 pairment or loss of speech in one hundred and forty cases of 

 right hemiplegia. Dax concluded, from these observations, 

 that the faculty of articulate language occupies the left ante- 

 rior lobe. This memoir, however, attracted but little atten- 

 tion, until 1861, when the discussion was renewed by Broca ; 

 and since then, Broca, Aubertin, Charcot, Falret, Perroud, 

 and Trousseau, have reported numerous cases of aphasia 

 with lesion of the left anterior lobe. In 1863, M. Gr. Dax, 

 a son of Marc Dax, limited the lesion to the anterior and 

 middle part of the left anterior lobe. It was further stated, 

 by Broca and Hughlings Jackson, to be that portion of the 

 orain nourished by the left middle cerebral artery. This 

 subject has been more lately investigated by Sanders, Moxon, 

 Ogle, Bateman, Bastian, Yon Benedict, Braunwart, and 



1 POCRFOUR DU PETIT, Fouveau si/steme du cervcau. Rccueil cT observation* 

 d" anatomic et de chirurgie, Paris, 1766, p. 74. 



