368 NERVOUS SYSTEM. 



little bread impregnated with alcohol, and they present a 

 striking similarity. 



In view of the remarkable uniformity in the actual results 

 obtained by different experimenters, it is hardly necessary to 

 cite all of the observations made upon the lower animals. 

 The phenomena observed by Flourens have been in the main 

 confirmed by Fodera, 1 Bouillaud, 2 Magendie, 3 Wagner, 4 Lus- 

 sana, 5 Hammond, 6 Dalton, 7 Yulpian, 8 Mitchell, 9 Onimus, 10 

 and many others. Certain of these authors differ from Flou- 

 rens in their ideas concerning the functions of the cerebel- 

 lum, while they admit the accuracy of his observations. 



We will eliminate from the present discussion the experi- 

 ments made upon animals low in the scale, such as frogs and 

 fishes, though in some of these, the results are in accord with 

 the observations just cited upon birds and mammals, 11 and 

 confine ourselves to an interpretation of the phenomena ob- 

 served after extirpation of the cerebellum in animals in which 

 the muscular and nervous arrangement is like that of the 



I FODERA, Rechcrches experimentales sur le systeme nerveux. Journal de 

 physiologic, Paris, 1823, tome iii., p. 193. 



* BOUILLAUD, Recherches experimentales tendant d prouver qne le cerveht preside 

 aux actes de la station et de la progression. Archives generales de medecine, Paris, 

 1827, tome xv., p. 68, et seq. 



3 MAGENDIE, Precis eleinentaire de physiologie, Paris, 1836, tome i., p. 

 409. 



4 WAGNER, Recherches critiques et experimentales svr les fonctions du cerveau. 

 Journal de la physiologie, Paris, 1861, tome iv., p. 258. 



5 LUSSANA, Leconn sur les fonctions du cervelet. Journal de la physiologic, 

 Paris, 1862, tome v., p. 418. 



6 HAMMOND, The Physiology and Pathology of the Cerebellum. Quarterly 

 Journal of Psychological Medicine, New York, 1869, vol. iii., p. 230. 



7 DALTON, Human Physiology, Philadelphia, 1871, p. 445. 



8 VULPIAN, Systeme nerveux, Paris, 1866, p. 618. 



9 S. WEIR MITCHELL, Researches on the Physiology of the Cerebellum. Ameri- 

 can Journal of the Medical Sciences, Philadelphia, 1869, New Series, No. cxiv., p. 

 331. 



10 ONIMCS, Recherches experimentales, etc. Journal de I'anafomie, Paris, 1870- 

 1871, tome vii., p. 652, et seq. Onimus believes that the cerebellum presides 

 over equilibration rather than general muscular coordination. 



II VULPIAN, op. cit., p. 689. 



