CHAPTEE XIY. 



GANGLIA AT THE BASE OF THE ENCEPHALON. 



Corpora striata Optic thalami Tubercula quadrigemina, or optic lobes Gan- 

 glion of the tuber annulare Medulla oblongata Physiological anatomy of 

 the medulla oblongata Functions of the medulla oblongata Connection 

 of the medulla oblongata with respiration Vital point Connection of the 

 medulla oblongata with various reflex acts Rolling and turning movements 

 following injury of certain parts of the encephalon General properties of 

 the peduncles. 



AT the base of the encephalon, are found several collec- 

 tions of gray matter, or ganglia, some of which have func- 

 tions distinct from those already described in connection 

 with the cerebrum and the cerebellum ; but most of them 

 are so difficult of access in living animals, that we possess 

 very little definite information, even with regard to their 

 general properties. We have, however, a tolerably complete 

 knowledge of the functions of the medulla oblongata and 

 the tubercula quadrigemina, and have some idea of the physi- 

 ology of the tuber annulare ; but the functions of the corpora 

 striata, optic thalami, ventricles, pineal gland, peduncles, 

 etc., are not at all understood, and the speculations of the 

 older writers, with the indefinite experiments of modern 

 physiologists, upon these parts, will be passed over very 

 briefly. 



Corpora Striata. 



These bodies are somewhat pear-shaped, and are situated 

 at the base of the brain, partly without the cerebral hemi- 

 spheres and partly embedded in their white substance. 



