BOLLING AND .TURNING MOVEMENTS. 413 



" 6. Tubercula quadrigemina or bigemina (Flourens) ; 



"7. Peduncles of the cerebellum, especially the middle, 

 and the lateral portions of the cerebellum (Magendie) ; 



"8. Olivary bodies, restiform bodies (Magendie) ; 



" 9. External part of the anterior pyramids (Magendie) ; 



" 10. Portion of the medulla from which the facial nerve 

 arises (Brown-Sequard) ; 



" 11. Optic nerves ; 



" 12. Semicircular canals (Flourens) ; auditory nerve 

 (Br o wn-S equard). ' ' 



To the parts above enumerated, Vulpian adds the upper 

 part of the cervical portion of the spinal cord. 1 



The movements which follow unilateral injury of the 

 parts mentioned above are of two kinds ; viz., rolling of the 

 entire body on its longitudinal axis, and turning, always in 

 one direction, in a small circle, called by the French the 

 movement of manege. They were first observed in dogs by 

 Pourfour du Petit, who noted that animals rolled like a ball, 

 after section of one lateral half of the cerebellum with the 

 root of one of the peduncles ; 2 but later, Magendie 3 and 

 Flourens 4 noted the same phenomena. In 1823, a curious 

 case of the same kind of movements in the human subject 

 was reported by Serres. 5 It is not necessary to cite in detail 

 the numerous experiments of this kind, made by Longet, 

 Schiff, Brown-Sequard, Yulpian, and others, except as they 

 have presented explanations, more or less satisfactory, of the 

 phenomena observed. 



A capital point to determine in the phenomena of rolling 

 or turning is, whether these movements be due to paralysis 



1 VULPIAX, Systeme nerveux, Paris, 1866, p. 584. 



2 POURFOUR DU PETIT, Nouveau systeme du cerueau. Recueil d' observations 

 d'analomie et de chirurgie, Paris, 1766, p. 121. 



3 MAGEXDIE, Jfemoire sur les fondions de quelques parties du sysleme nerveux. 

 Journal de physiologic, Paris, 1824, tome iv., p. 399, el seq. 



4 FLOUREXS, Systeme nerveux, Paris, 1842, p. 489. 



5 SERRES, Suite des recherches sur les maladies organiques du cervelet. Journal 

 de physiologic, Paris, 1823, tome iii., p. 136. 



