4:20 . NERVOUS SYSTEM. 



reddish in color, and is situated in the spheno-maxillary fossa, 

 near the spheno-palatine foramen. It receives a motor root 

 from the facial, by the Yidian nerve. Its sensory roots are 

 the two spheno-palatine branches from the superior maxillary 

 division of the fifth. Its branches of distribution are quite 

 numerous. Two or three delicate filaments enter the orbit 

 and go to its periosteum. Its other branches, which it is 

 unnecessary to describe fully in detail, are distributed to the 

 gums, the membrane covering the hard palate, the soft pal- 

 ate, the uvula, the roof of the mouth, the tonsils, the mucous 

 membrane of the nose, the middle auditory meatus, a por- 

 tion of the pharyngeal mucous membrane, and the levator 

 palati and azygos uvulae muscles. It is probable that the 

 filaments sent to these two striated muscles are derived from 

 the facial nerve and do not properly belong to the sympa- 

 thetic system. 1 They were first accurately described, with 

 their connections, by Longet. 2 The ganglion also sends a 

 short branch, of a reddish-gray color, to the carotid plexus. 



The otic ganglion, sometimes called Arnold's ganglion, 

 is a small, oval, reddish-gray mass, situated just below the 

 foramen ovale. It receives a motor filament from the facial, 

 and sensory filaments from branches of the fifth and the 

 glosso-pharyngeal. Its filaments of distribution go to the mu- 

 cous membrane of the tympanic cavity and Eustachian tube, 

 and to the tensor tympani and tensor palati muscles. Reason- 

 ing from the general mode of distribution of the sympathetic 

 filaments, those going to the striated muscles are derived 

 from the facial. 3 It also sends branches to the carotid plexus. 



The submaxillary ganglion was discovered by Meckel. 4 



1 In treating of the facial (see page 161), we have shown that the movements 

 of the levator palati and azygos uvulae are animated by filaments derived from 

 this nerve, which simply pass through Meckel's ganglion. 



2 LONGET, Anatomic et physiologic du systeme nerveux, Paris, 1842, tome ii., 

 p. 128. 



3 See page 154. 



4 MECKEL, De quinto Pare Nervorum Cerebri ; in LUDWIG, Scriptores Nevro- 

 logici minorcs selecti, Lipsiae, 1791, tomus L, p. 214. 



