SPRAYING 99 



the kerosene emulsion* is the most generally used. 

 Sprays for fungi depend for their efficiency upon 

 some form of copper or sulfur, or both. For 

 surface mildews, as cucumber mildew, dusting 

 flowers of sulfur upon the foliage is ample pro- 

 tection. In most cases, however, it is necessary 

 to apply the materials in liquid form, because 

 they can be more thoroughly and economically 

 distributed, and they adhere to the foliage better. 

 The best general fungicide is the Bordeaux mix- 

 ture, t It is generally, however, not advisable to 



don purple is exceedingly variable, and unless good reasons exist for sup- 

 posing that it contains as much arsenic as Paris green, use the latter 

 poison. Do not use London purple on peach or plum trees unless con- 

 siderable lime is added. For insects which chew. 



HELLEBORE. Fresh white hellebore, 1 ounce; water, 3 gallons . Apply 

 when thoroughly mixed. This poison is not so energetic as the arsenites, 

 and may be used a short time before the sprayed portions are harvested. 

 For insects which chew. 



*KEROSENE EMULSION. Hard soap, % pound; boiling water, 1 gallon; 

 kerosene, 2 gallons. Dissolve the soap in the water, add the kerosene, 

 and churn with a pump for 5 to 10 minutes. Dilute 10 to 25 times before 

 applying. Use strong emulsion, diluted four times in winter, for all 

 scale insects. For insects which suck, as plant-lice, mealy bugs, red 

 spider, thrips, bark-lice or scale. Cabbage- worms, currant-worms, 

 and all insects which have soft bodies, can also be successfully treated. 



tBoRDEAUX MIXTURE. Copper sulfate, 6 pounds; quicklime, 4 

 pounds; water, 40 to 50 gallons. Dissolve the copper sulfate by put- 

 ting it in a bag of coarse cloth and hanging this in a vessel holding at 

 least four gallons, so that it is just covered by the water. Use an earthen 

 or wooden vessel. Slake the lime in an equal amount of water. Then 

 mix the two and add enough water to make 40 gallons. It is then 

 ready for immediate use, but will keep for some time. If the mixture is 

 to be used on peach foliage, it is advisable to add an extra pound of lime 

 to the above formula. When applied to such plants as carnations or 

 cabbages., it will adhere better if a pound of hard soap is dissolved in 

 hot water and added to the mixture. For rots, molds, mildews, and 

 all fungous diseases. 



