336 THE FRUIT PLANTATION 



number should vary with the strength of the plants from 

 five to eight, and the number of buds from three to five 

 upon each. Every year all shoots are removed except one 

 upon each spur, which is cut back to form a new spur. 

 It is well to rub off all suckers that start and to pinch 

 back the ends of the shoots when about two feet long. 



Powdery and downy mildew attack this species, but yield 

 to fungicides. 



The leading table grapes are: Thompson Seedless, 

 Mission, White Muscat of Alexandria, Black Hamburg, 

 Flame Tokay, and Rose of Peru. The leading sorts for 

 drying are: White Muscat, Muscatel, Thompson Seed- 

 less, White Malaga, and Sultana. From the fact that it 

 seldom rains from April to October in the raisin district 

 in California, the raisins can be cured in the open air. 

 Large trays of the fruit are placed between the rows in 

 the vineyards. These European types of grapes are the 

 ones which are grown in glass graperies, a discussion of 

 which is not germane to this book. 



4. Small- fruits 



RED AND BLACK RASPBERRIES 



The distance at which raspberries should be planted 

 varies with the variety. As a rule, the early sorts may 

 be placed as close as six feet, by four feet in the row, 

 or even less if they are to .be allowed to. form matted 

 rows, but the larger -growing late sorts, such as Gregg 

 and Eureka among the black and Cuthbert and Colum- 

 bian of the reds, should be seven or eight feet apart on 

 rich soil, and four or five feet in the row. After the first 

 year or two the red varieties may be allowed to throw 

 up suckers, so as to form continuous rows. The shoots 



