JOHN BULL'S OTHER ISLAND. 191 



What every migrant wants is not so much 

 a parchment deed entitling him to the sole 

 ownership of a holding as to know the extent 

 of his annual payment. What, however, 

 we English do envy in the Irish is the 

 organising capacity of their State officials, the 

 enthusiasm and humanity of their instructors 

 and surveyors, and the assistance given by the 

 State in the equipment and stocking of hold- 

 ings, and the domestic and agricultural educa- 

 tion afforded to peasant girls. The spoon-fed 

 policy, indeed, has been as successful in 

 producing in Ireland a new race of inde- 

 pendent-minded, alert, scientifically trained 

 agriculturists, as a similar policy pursued in 

 Denmark and Hungary has produced splendid 

 results in those countries. 



Whilst there were large graziers, in place 

 of small farmers tilling the soil ; whilst there 

 were small farmers haggling with one another 

 over their cattle and pigs, instead of labouring 

 productively ; whilst there was an entire lack 

 of co-operative production and marketing, 

 Ireland was doomed to become a depopulated 

 island. 



The two problems which absorbed the 

 attention of Irish agricultural reformers 



