THE INFLUENCE OF SOILS 65 



tions of the regions considered. Such a study has 

 been made, for example, of Wahiut Lake in Oakland 

 County and its environs, by C. A. Davis of Ann 

 Arbor.^ Of the flora of the highlands adjacent to 

 the Lake, Davis says : "The distribution of the trees, 

 now left only in woodlots, indicates that the forest 

 was formerly dense, and the trees of good size, the 

 kind of association found depending upon the type 

 of soil covering a given area. The heavier soils of 

 the moraines, the clay loams, where well watered, 

 were covered by the hard-maple and beech, associated 

 with red, white and burr oaks, basswood, walnut, 

 hop hornbeam and other trees of the mesophytic or 

 moist, drained soil type. In slightly drier areas 

 the hickories and white oak dominated, although in 

 strong mixture with some of the other kinds, and 

 on sandy loams this association passed into nearly 

 pure white oak, then to black or yellow oak and 

 white oak associations, and finally, on very dry sites, 

 becoming a forest, with black and scarlet oaks, of 

 the oak openings type, on such areas as the sandy, 

 glacio-fluvial deposits, both south and north of the 

 lake." 



"One who has traveled about the southern penin- 

 sula of Michigan," writes B. E. Livingston, "can 

 hardly have failed to notice, for instance, the differ- 

 ing vegetations of the pine plains, the oak forest, 

 and the beach and maple forest. There is hardly a 

 single plant found common to the first and last of 



' "A Biological Survey of Walnut Lake, Michigan," 

 Lansing, 1908, p. 228. 



