!<1 RURAL MICH WAN 



type was erected, later to be dismantled. From these 

 mines of the Marquette Range an aggregate product 

 of 121,059,070 tons (1854-1916) of iron ore has 

 gone forward to market. The ore exhibited great 

 tensile strength because of its relative freedom from 

 phosphorus, sulfur, arsenic and other impurities, 

 and while the early production running as high as 

 65 per cent pure iron to the rnine-run of ore has not 

 been maintained — the present percentage being about 

 50, — the ore is still highly favored by consumers of 

 the metal. 



Southwest of the Marquette Eange some fifty or 

 sixty miles is the Menominee Range, the second to 

 be developed in IMichigan. Mining operations here 

 began about 1870, and the total output to 1916 was 

 10-1:,902,919 tons. The product goes out through 

 Escanaba from ^uch mining points as Iron Moun- 

 tain, Crystal Falls, Iron River and Stambaugh. 

 Water-power development on the Menominee River 

 has assisted in furnishing hydro-electric power for 

 the use of the mines and the mining towns. 



In the westernmost county of the Upper Penin- 

 sula not far from the Montreal River, the last of 

 the three iron ranges of the State was opened up 

 about 1880, following exploratory work by Pumpelly 

 and Brooks. The outlet for the product of this dis- 

 trict was by way of Ashland, Wisconsin, to which a 

 railroad was shortly constructed — now a portion of 

 the Chicago and Northwestern line — and at which 

 docks were provided. The deposits extend over into 



