162 RURAL MICHIGAN 



1848 in the Fatherland. They settled in Wayne, 

 Macomb, Washtenaw and Saginaw counties before 

 Michigan became a state, and then in Berrien, St. 

 Joseph, and St. Clair counties, in Clinton and 

 Leelanau, and in Marquette County by the Lake 

 Superior shore. In 1910, they composed one-sixth 

 the population of Berrien County, one-sixth of 

 Monroe, one-fifth of Huron, one-seventh of Mason, 

 one-fifth of Washtenaw, one-fourth of Manistee, and 

 one-fourth of Saginaw. These are counties of the 

 southern peninsula, and mostly of the southern half 

 of it. They have never constituted such a large pro- 

 portion of the northern peninsula, although the popu- 

 lous county of Houghton contained (1910) more 

 than 5,000. The aggregate of these people, born in 

 Germany or the children of parents born there, was 

 quite 425,000 in 1910. Or if they are differentiated 

 on the basis of mother tongue, their number in the 

 Thirteenth Census (1910) was 396,513. That would 

 make them about one-seventh of the State's popula- 

 tion. 



Revolutionary disappointments were not the only 

 occasion for the German migration to America and 

 to Michigan. Compulsory military service expatri- 

 ated some of these folk, while burdensome restraints 

 and the difficulty of securing land attracted still 

 others to the freer American life and to good farms 

 on easy terms. A south German farm would cost, as 

 Andrew Tenbrook of Ann Arbor has pointed out, 

 perhaps two hundredfold the price of a Michigan 

 homestead, and if the Michigan acquisition were in 



