TRA'ST^PORTATIO'N AVD MARKETING 251 



Beal, was much appreciated by the farmers, as well 

 as by town-dwellers along the line, and the rate 

 afforded them of seventeen rides for one dollar 

 brought patronage that was a surprise to the pro- 

 moters of this pioneer enterprise. This line was 

 extended to Detroit on the east and to Jackson on 

 the west and in a few years much of the southern 

 territory of Michigan was made accessible to electric 

 inter-urban railways. The northern part of the 

 State in both peninsulas, where population is less 

 dense, is not so fully provided with electric rail- 

 ways, but short lines were constructed in the Upper 

 Peninsula nearly as early as in the Lower, and while 

 there are no long trunk-lines in this region, the min- 

 ing ranges are supplied. The total trackage in 

 1918 was 1,717 miles for the State. To forestall 

 possible electric competition, the Ann Arbor rail- 

 road installed motor-cars on its steam line in May, 

 1911. Several individual combination passenger 

 and baggage cars, each having its own motive equip- 

 ment, using at first gasoline and then kerosene as 

 fuel, were put into operation, and since they make 

 stops at cross-roads as well as municipalities, gave 

 a service much appreciated by the rural population 

 along the line. Rising costs have of late discouraged 

 the company and there has been talk of its discon- 

 tinuance. 



The Constitution of Michigan permits municipali- 

 ties to furnish electric power to consumers without 

 their boundaries to an amount not exceeding 25 per 

 cent of that granted within the municipal limits. 



