122 AN AGRICULTURAL FAGGOT. 



difference between the half and full value of the dividend 

 is placed to the reserve fund. It should be noted, how- 

 ever, that all payments of profits to individuals who 

 supply milk are made by shares, or payments on account 

 of shares, which are appropriated to the persons respec- 

 tively entitled thereto, so that in this way every person 

 supplying milk to the creamery eventually becomes 

 automatically a member of the co-operative society. 

 The share of profits falling to the employes is not paid 

 in cash — it is accumulated as a loan in the society, bearing 

 such interest as may be determined at the general 

 meeting, and can be withdrawn only in case of distress 

 or on leaving the employment of the society. 



In Great Britain several butter and cheese factories 

 have been established — I believe the first was the Long- 

 ford Cheese Factory, started in Derbyshire in 1869. I 

 find, on reference to the records of the Farmers' Club, 

 that in March, 1868, at a meeting of the Club, Mr. C. S. 

 Read being in the chair, Mr. G. Jackson, of Tattenhall, 

 Chester, read a paper advocating the establishment of 

 cheese factories in this country, in view of the success 

 which had attended them in America. 



It is not necessary to attempt to describe in detail the 

 various undertakings of this character. There are three 

 classes of establishment for dealing with butter, all of 

 which have been tried with more or less success, local 

 conditions and management being apparently the con- 

 trolling factors which determine success or failure. 

 These may be described as the butter factory, the creamery 

 and the blending house. In the first case the farmer sends 

 milk, in the second case he sends cream, and in the third 

 case he sends butter. At the butter factory the milk is 

 taken and separated, the cream churned, and the butter 

 made up and marketed, the skim-milk being either 

 returned to the farmer or used by the factory in its own 

 piggery. At the creamery no milk is received, but it is 

 separated at the farm and the cream only forwarded to 



