ACID 



29 



ACID 



catechin sulphuric (<',.," ,1 1 lO).,.U.SO.,), has been 

 found in human urine, mainly after the ingestion of 

 salicin, hydroquinon, etc. A., Butyric (C 4 H 

 \butyrum, butter], an acid having a viscid appear.! 

 and rancid smell. It is obtained commerciall) by the 

 fermentation of a mixture oi sugar and butti ror < lieese 

 in the presence ol an alkaline carbonate, but occui 

 various plants, in cod liver oil, in t lie juice of meats, and 

 in tin- perspiration. < 'ombined with glycerin asgl} ceryl 

 butyrate, it is essentially butter. The ether derived from 

 butyric acid is the natural flavor of tin- pineapple. A., 

 Caffeic i ( ',,1 1_< \ i. obtained when the tannin of coffee 

 is boiled with potassium bydroxid; crystallizes in yel- 

 low prisms, and is very readily soluble in hot water 

 and alcohol. A., Campholic I < ',,,1 1 ,J V, ), produced 

 on distilling camphor over heated soda lime, or with 

 alcoholic potash; it melts at o5°,and is a white, vola- 

 tile solid, insoluble in cold water. A., Camphoric 

 (C 10 l l„ ; < \), a dibasic acid, obtained by boiling camphor 

 with I L N( » , ; crystallizes from hot water in colorless 

 leaflets; melts at 17S , and decomposes into water 

 and its anhydrid, C 8 H 14 (CO) 2 0. Used in night- 

 sweats of phthisis. Dose gr. x-xxx. A.. Cam- 

 phoronic (•',,! I,, • )-, 1 1. ,0), produced by the further 

 oxidation of camphoric acid; it occurs in the mother 

 liquor. Loses its water of crystallization at 100-120 

 and melts at 135 . It forms colorless microscopic 

 needles that are volatile and readily soluble in water. 

 A., Capric (CgH 19 C< ».< )1 1 1, occurs in small quantity, as 

 a glyeqrid in cow's butter. 1 'rystallizes in fine needles, 

 melting at 30 C, very insoluble in boiling water. 

 A.. Caproic | C 6 1 1, .< .)., 1, the sixth in the series of 

 fatty acids; a clear, mobile oil, colorless, inflammable, 

 and with a very acid and penetrating taste. Prepared 

 from butter, cocoanut oil, and various other sources. 

 A., Caprylic (C 7 H 15 CO.OH), an acid combined 

 with glycerin, forming a glycerid existing in various 

 animal fats; liquid at ordinary temperatures. A., 

 Carbamic (H 2 N.CO.OH), an acid not known in the 

 free state; its ammonium salt is contained in com- 

 mercial ammonium carbonate. The estersof carbamic 

 acid are called methanes. A., Carbazotic. See A., 

 Picric. A., Carbolic (C 6 H 5 < >H), Phenol — the correct 

 designation of this substance — is procured from coal 

 tar by fractional distillation. It has a very peculiar and 

 characteristic odor, a burning taste, is poisonous, and 

 has preservative properties. The sp. gr. at o° is 

 1 .084 ; it crystallizes in colorless rhombic needles that 

 melt at 42. 2°, boiling at l8o°,and it is not decomposed 

 upon distillation. At ordinary temperatures it dissolves 

 in water with difficulty (i: 15), but is soluble in 

 alcohol, ether, glacial acetic acid, and glycerin in all 

 proportions. Upon exposure to light and air it deli- 

 quesces and acquires a pinkish color. It is used in the 

 manufacture of many of the artificial coloring matters, 

 , picric acid, used as a yellow dye. Large quan- 

 tities of various qualities of carbolic acid are consumed 

 for antiseptic purposes. It is a powerful antiseptic and 

 germicide, and a violent poison. Internally it is used in 

 vomiting and intestinal fermentation. Dose gr. '^-j. 

 A., Carb., Aqua, contains rodrachms of the glycerit to 

 I pint of water. I lose 3J-,^ss. A., Carb., Garga- 

 risma grs. ij-31, for fetid sore throat. A., Carb., 

 Glycerit. contains acid I , glycerin 4 parts. A., Carb., 

 Liquefactum, (B. P.). Dose rri^ j— ij . A., Carb., 

 Solutions, vary from 1 to 5 per cent, in water. A., 

 Carb., Suppos. cum Sapone 1 B. P.), each contain- 

 ing gr. j of carbolic acid. A., Carb., Unguent, con- 

 tains acid 10, ointment 90 parts. A., Carbol., Injectio 

 Hypoderm., 2-5 per cent. , for anthrax , and erysipelas. 

 A., Carbonic (C0 2 ), carbon dioxid; a product of 

 combustion; a colorless, transparent, odorless gas, 



heavier than air; incapable of sustaining respiration. 



It is eliminated b\ the- lungs, and when retained in 

 the system gives rise to cyanosis. A., Carminic 

 1 17 H JB O 10 ), ; matter found in the buds of cer- 



tain plants, and especially in cochii insect 



inhabiting different varieties of cactus. It is an 

 amorphous purple-red m readily soluble in 



water and alcohol. Yields red salt- with the alkalies. 

 A., Cathartinic, an active principle from several 

 species <>l ( a ia. It occurs in brown hygroscopic 

 scales. Used as a laxative in doses of gr. iv-vj. 

 A., Cerebrinic 1 < ,,l l n V ).), an acid found in the 

 brain and belonging to the group called cerebrinacid 

 A., Cerotic (< 1 1 ,< l,j \jajpor6c, waxy], a fatty acid, 

 existing in the free state in beeswax, and combined 

 with ceryl as an ether in Chinese wax. It crystallizes 

 from alcohol in delicate needles, melting at J&°. A., 

 Chelidonic (C 7 H 4 6 ), occurs together with malic 

 acid in Chelidonium majus. Crystallizes in silky 

 needles with one molecule of water, and melts at _'20°. 

 A., Chloracetic \chlorin and acetic"], an lied 



also Monochloracetic acid, produced bj the substitution 

 of chlorin for the hydrogen of the radicle in acetic- 

 acid. It is sometimes used as a caustic. A.. Chloric 

 (HClOj), an acid known only in its compounds and 

 its aqueous solution. Some of its compounds, the 

 chlorates, are of great service in medicine. A., Cho- 

 lalic. See ./., Ckolic. A., Cholic 'C.H,' 

 Cholalic Acid, from glycocholic and taurocholic acids; 

 crystallizes from hot water in small anhydrous prism-. 

 sparingly soluble in water, and melting at 195°- A.. 

 Choloidinic, derived from Cholalic Acid, and proba- 

 bly a mixture of this with dyslysin ; all three decomp< isi- 

 tion products of bile acids. A., Chromic, strictly 

 the compound H 2 Cr( >, ; chromium trioxid combined 

 with water; it forms salts called chromates. In 

 most books the chromium trioxid, Cr0 3 , is tailed by 

 this name. It is a crystalline solid, and is a useful 

 escharotic for the destruction of syphilitic warts and 

 similar growths. A solution of I : 40 is used as an 

 antiseptic wash for putrid sores and wounds. A., 

 Chrysanisic (C 7 H 5 N 3 6 ), an acid forming golden- 

 yellow crystals, used in the preparation of certain 

 anilin dyes. It melts at 259 and sublimes. A.. 

 Chrysenic (C 17 H 12 3 ), produced when chrysene is 

 fused with caustic alkali. Forms silver- white leaflets 

 and melts at 186 . A., Chrysophanic ((', I 

 Rheinic Acid, exists in the lichen, Parmelia pari, Una. 

 in senna leaves, and in the rhubarb root. Crystallizes 

 in golden yellow needles or prisms, melting at 162°. 

 SeeCArysarofiin. A.,Cinchoninic 1 C,,I I, \ (C0 2 H . 

 produced by oxidizing cinchonin with potassium per- 

 manganate, or HNO3. (rystallizes in needles, 

 taining 2H.,0, in thick prisms, or plates, with 2H 2 < >; 

 melts at 254 . A.. Cinnamic (C 9 H 8 6 2 ), occurs in 

 Peru and Tolu balsams, in storax, and in some benzoin 

 resins. Crystallizes from hot water in tine need 

 from alcohol in thick prisms ; is odorless, melts at 133° ; 

 soluble in hot water and in alcohol. It has been 

 used in tuberculosis, both internally and externally. 

 Dose rr\ j-x,hypodermatically. A.. Citric (C 6 H 8 0, . 

 occurs free in lemons, black currants, bilberry, beets, 

 and in various acid fruits. It crystallizes with one 

 molecule of water in large rhombic prisms, which melt 

 at IOO°, are colorless, inodorous, and extremely sharp 

 in taste. It is used as a discharge in calico-printing. 

 It is refrigerant, antiseptic, and diuretic. A.. Comanic 

 (C,;!!,! ) ( i, obtained from chelidonic acid by the loss of 

 carbon dioxid. It dissolves with difficulty in water; 

 melts at 250 . A., Comenic | I .', 1 1 ,< • , is produced by 

 heating meconic acid to 120-200 . It is rather inso- 

 luble in water and crystallizes in hard, warty masses. 



