A I IU MI.V (SIS 



55 



AI.< i iHOL 



dilute hydrochloric acid ; acid albumin. 2. Album 



or the product of the digestion of albumin by th< 



trie juice. 



Albuminosis {ai-bu-min-o 1 '-sis) [albumin]. Abnormal 

 increase of the albuminous elements in the blood, or 

 the condition thai results from such increase. 



Albuminous {al-bu' '-min-us) [albumin]. Containing, 

 or of the nature of an albumin. 



Albumin-Peptone {al-bu' '-min-pep> '-ton). Same as 

 . llbuminose (2d def. ) . 



Albumins {al-bu' -minz). See Albumin. 



Albuminuria [al-bu-min-u' -re-ak) [albumin; < 

 urine]. The presence in the urine of albumin, a mix- 

 ture of serum-albumin and serum globulin in various 

 proportions. True albuminuria must be distinguished 

 from the presence of albumin due to an admixture 

 with the urine of blood, pus, or other albuminous 

 fluid. However, even under these circumstances it 

 must be remembered that true albuminuria may be 

 coexistent. Albumin in the urine may result from a 

 number of causes, e. g., mechanical interference with 

 the renal circulation ; from congestion, lesions, and 

 organic diseases of the kidneys themselves ; from toxic 

 substances in the blood, such as lead, in which case 

 there is a granular form of nephritis; from changes in 

 the blood due to various diseases, as anemia, purpura, 

 scurvy, and sepsis; in pyrexia; in certain nervous 

 disorders, such as tetanus, delirium tremens, apoplexy, 

 Graves's disease, and epilepsy ; in various functional 

 disorders, as dyspepsia, high living, great exertion, 

 etc., and during pregnancy. The etiology of albumin- 

 uria is still undetermined, but it is now recognized that 

 if will be produced by any condition that interferes with 

 the nutrition of the glomeruli or renal epithelium. 

 A. of Adolescence. See A., Cyclic. A., Adven- 

 titious. See ,4., Pseudo-. A., Cardiac, that due to 

 chronic valvular disease. A., Cyclic, a condition also 

 known as physiological, simple, functional, or tran- 

 sient albuminuria, or the albuminuria of adolescence, 

 in which a small quantity of albumin appears in the 

 urine, especially of the young, at stated times of the 

 day; hence the term "cyclic." The nature of this 

 phenomenon is not positively known, but it is probably 

 the result of some changes in the renal circulation. 

 A., Dietetic, that due to the ingestion of certain forms 

 of food, especially eggs, cheese, and pastry. A., 

 Dyscrasic. See A., Hematogenous. A., False, a 

 mixture of albumin with the urine during its transit 

 through the urinary passages, where it may be derived 

 from blood, pus, or special secretions that contain al- 

 bumin. A., Febrile, that due to fever, or associated 

 with acute infectious diseases, slight changes occurring 

 in the glomeruli without organic lesion. A., Func- 

 tional. Set- ./., Cyclic. A., Gouty, albumin in the 

 urine of elderly people, who secrete a rather dense 

 urine containing an excess of urea. A., Hematogen- 

 ous, that resulting from some abnormal blood-condi- 

 tion, and not due to nephritis. A., Hepatic, that 

 form associated with marked disturbance of the hepatic 

 function, as shown by slight jaundice and vague dys- 

 peptic attacks. A., Intrinsic. See A., True. A., 

 Mixed, the presence of a true- and pseudo-albumin- 

 uria. A., Morbid, that due to any pathological con- 

 dition. A., Nephrogenous, that due to renal disease. 

 A., Neurotic, that due to nervous disorders. A., 

 Paroxysmal. See .-/., Cyclic. A., Physiological, 

 the presence of albumin in normal urine, without ap- 

 preciable coexisting renal lesion or diseased condition 

 of the system. A., Pseudo-, A., Adventitiou : albu- 

 minuria dependent upon the presence of such fluids as 

 blood, pus, lymph, spermatic fluid, or the contents of 

 an abscess-cavity, in the urine. A., Simple. See 



A., Cyclic. A., Temporary, that lasting but for a 

 short time. A., Tests of. - , under 



/ /. A., Transient. See ./., ' : . A., True, 

 ./.. Intrinsic; that due to the excretion of a portion 

 of the albuminous constituents of the blood with the 

 water and salts of the urine. 



Albuminuric {al-bu-min-u' '-rik) [albumin; 



urine]. Associated with, of the nature of, or aliected 

 by, albuminuria. A. Retinitis. See Retini 



Albuminurorrhea {al-bu-min-u-ror-re'-ak.) [albumin ; 

 ovpov, urine; pola, a flowing}. See Albuminuria. 



Albumose {al'-bu-mbs) [albumin]. Any album 

 substance ranking among the first products of the 

 splitting up of proteids by enzymes, and intermediate 

 between the food-albumins and the typical peptones. 

 Ai 1 ording to Kiihne there are at least two albumoses, 

 antialbumose and hemialbumose. The latter, after the 

 precipitation and filtering ofl of the para-peptones, . 

 in the peptic digestion of fibrin, yields the following: 

 1. Protalbumose, soluble in hot and cold water and 

 precipitable by Na< 1 in excess. 2. Deuteroalbun, 

 soluble in water, not precipitated by NaCl in excess, 

 unless an acid be added at the same time. 3. Hetero- 

 albumose, insoluble in hot or cold water, soluble in 

 dilute or more concentrated solutions of NaCl, and 

 precipitable from these by excess of the salt. 4. Dys- 

 albumose, same as heteroalbumose, except that it is 

 insoluble in salt solutions. 



Albumosuria [al-bu-mos-u' -re-ak) [< 



urine]. The abnormal presence of an albumose in 

 the urine. 



Alburnum (al-ber'-num) [L. ," sap-wood"]. In bi- 

 ology, young wood, sap-wood. 



Alcahest {al' -ka-hest) [Uncertain derivation]. An 

 name for the supposed universal solvent, and for a 

 medicine curative of all congestions. A. of Glauber, 

 a crude potassium carbonate derived from the burning 

 of potassium nitrate with hot coals. 



Alcali {al'-ka-li). See Alkali. 



Alcaptone {al-kap'-ton). See Alkaptone. 



Alcaptonuria ial-kap-ton-u' '-re-ak). See Alkaptonuria. 



Alchemist {al'-kem-ist) [Origin doubtful]. One who 

 practices alchemy. 



Alchemy {al'-kem-e) [Arab., of doubtful derivation]. 

 The supposed art of the transmutation of metals 'into 

 gold) and of finding a remedy for all diseases. Mod 

 em chemistry is the development of this chimerical 

 medieval dream. 



Al 'cock's Canal. See Canal. 



Alcohol {al'-ko-hol) [Arab., al. the; kokol, a stain, or 

 finely powdered]. Ethyl alcohol, C^HgO. A liquid 

 obtained by the distillation of fermented grain or 

 starchy substance. It is used in pharmacy as a sol- 

 vent for resins, and as a base for all tinctures. Com- 

 mercial alcohol contains 91 per cent, of absolute 

 alcohol, with 9 per cent, of water. It is inflammable, 

 colorless, and possesses a pungent odor and burning 

 taste. Sometimes it is used externally as a stimulant 

 lotion. Internally, it is a powerful cerebral excitant; 

 in large doses a depressant, narcotic poison, producing 

 muscular incoordination, delirium, and coma. It is a 

 food within the limits of jj— 3 j per day; its contin- 

 ued use is apt to result in epilepsy, amblyopia, and 

 insanity. In the form of wine, whisky, or brandy, 

 it is valuable in diphtheria, adynamic fevers, and 

 poisoning by cardiac depre^-anN. A., Absolute, 

 spirit containing no water. A., Amyl, Oil < I, com- 

 monly known a- "P irit" and " Fusel 

 a transparent, colorless liquid. A., Anhydrous, one 

 free from water. A.. Aromatic, an alcohol contain- 

 ing phenyl. A , Benzyl, Oil. < 1. obtained from ben- 

 zaldehyd by the action of sodium amalgam. It is a 



