AVENS 



153 



AZ< M< 



nitrogenous principle obtained from the oat, and 

 nearly identical with legumin ; the gluten casein 

 of oats. 



Avens i [Welsh, afans\. A name given to 



several plants of the genus Geum. A. Root, the root 

 of Geum rivale, a tonic and astringent. It contains 

 gallic and tannic acids. Doseoi fld. ext. 3 ss— j. 1 nof. 



Avery's Operation. See Operations, Table 



Aviation [a ve a / -shun) [avis, a bird]. Artificial flight. 



Avidity [av-id' -it-e) [avidus, greedy]. In chemi 

 the tendency of certain weak acids, in suitable con- 

 ditions, to dispossess even the strongest acids and to 

 unite with their bas< 



Avocado Pear (av-o-ha'-do). See Alligator Pear. 



Avogadro, Law of. See Law and Amp 



Avoirdupois Weight [av-or-du-poiz' wat) [Fr., avoir, 

 to have ; du poids, of weight]. The common English 

 weight used for all commodities except precious metals, 

 gems and medicines. The pound is equal to 7000 

 grains Troy, or 453.54 grams, or 10 ounces. The 

 ounce is divide. 1 into 16 drams, each of 437.5 grains. 

 See Weights and Measures. 



Avulsion {av-ul' -shun) [avulsio ; avellere, to tear 

 away], A traumatic or surgical tearing or wrenching 

 away of a part, as a polypus, a limb, eti . 



Awn \ii:un) [a^ya, chaff]. The bristle or beard of 

 barley, oats, etc; or any other similar appendage. 



Axial [aks'-e-al) [axis, axis]. Pertaining to or situated 

 in an axis. A. Current. Same as /. Stream. A 

 Hypermetropia. See Hypermetropia. A. Stream. 

 The name given to the red column in a vessel at the 

 seat of inflammation. The blood-corpuscles are 

 separated, the red being packed together in the center 

 of the vessel, while between this and the walls of the 

 vessel is a clear layer of serum in which the white cor- 

 puscles roll along. See Poiseuille's Sparc. 



Axiferous (aks-if -er-us) [axis, axis; ferre, to bear]. 

 In biology, producing a stem-like, ieafless axis, ascer- 

 tain fungi and algre. 



Axilemma {aks / -il-em-ah) [axis, axis; M/i/ia, husk, 

 skin]. In histology, an elastic sheath composed of 

 neurokeratin enclosing the axis cylinder of medullated 

 nerve-fibers. 



Axilla (aks-il'-ah) [L. : />/., Axilla^. The armpit. 



Axillar (aks'-il-ar) [axilla, axil]. In biology, one of 

 the tufts of soft leathers growing from the axilla, and 

 forming part of the under wing-coverts of a bird. 



Axillary (aks'-il-a-rc) [axilla, axil]. Pertaining to the 

 axilla. A. Artery, the continuation of the subclavian 

 artery, extending from the lower border of the first rib 

 to the insertion of the pectoralis major muscle, where 

 it becomes the brachial. See Arteries, Table of. A. 

 Glands, the lymphatic glands in the axilla. A. 

 Plexus, the brachial plexus, formed by the last three 

 cervical and the first dorsal nerves. A. Space, t ln- 

 irregular conical space of the axilla. A. Vein, a 

 continuation of the brachial, corresponding with the 

 artery and terminating in the subclavian vein. 



Axin [aks'-in) [axinus\ A fatty and varnish-like sub- 

 stance produced in Mexico by an insect, Coccus 

 axinus. It is used in the arts and locally in medicine, 

 being regarded as a good vulnerary and resolvent. 



Axis {aks f -is) [I,, for axletree]. I. An imaginary line 

 passing through the center of a body. 2. The second 

 cervical vertebra. A., Basicranial, in craniometry, a 

 line drawn from the basion to the middle of the anterioi 

 border of the cerebral surface of the sphenoid bone. 

 A., Basifacial, in craniometry, a line drawn from the 

 anterior border of the cerebral surface of the sphenoid 

 to the alveolar point. A., Binauricular, in cranio- 

 metry, the imaginary line joining the two auricular 

 point--. A., Cerebrospinal, the central nervous 



system. A. Cylinder (of a nerve), the conducting 

 essentia] pari "I a nerve lying in the center and sur 

 rounded by the sheath ol Schwann. Ii 



(ailed 1 i 1 1 ,1 I • . A., Frontal ol 



the eye), an imaginary line running through the eyeball 

 from right to left, and corresponding with the m 

 in. Hi- ol el vation and depression ol the , \, ball. A., 

 Optic, the line from the corneal apex to the- macula 

 lutea. A., Optical, an imaginary line passing from 

 the center ol th iece of a microscope through 



the body, objective, stage and sub-stage, to the 

 mirror. A., Sagittal (of the . ye), an imaginary line 

 running through the eyeball from before backward, 

 and coinciding with the line of vision. A., Visual, 

 the line from the object through the nodal point to 

 the- macula. 



Axle Teeth {aks'-l teth) . - th. 



Axogaster [aks' '-o-gas-ter) [al-wv, a\i- ; yaoTT/p, stom- 

 ach]. In biology the principal intestine, tie 

 principalis . 



Axon [aks'-on) [ai-uv, an axis]. The axis of the body ; 

 especially the bony axis of the neuro-skeleton. 



Axospermous [aks-o-sperm' '-us) [at-wv, axis; <ttt 

 seed]. In biology, applied to fruits the seed 

 which are attached to an axial placenta. 



Axungia [aks-un' -je-ah) [L.: gen., Axungioz\. Fat; 

 lard ; adeps. 



Ayres's Operation. See Operations, Table 



Azale (az-dl' j. See Conspectus oj Pigments, under Pig- 

 ment. 



Azalein [az-a'-l in). Same as Rosanilin. See aUo 

 ( onspectus of Pigments, under Pigment. 



Azarin (az'-ar-in). See Conspectus of Pigments, under 

 Pigment 



Azedarach (a: ed / -ar-ak) [Pers. a.aJ, free ; diraiht,a. 

 tree]. Pride of China, the bark of Me Ha azedarach, 

 an Asiatic tree naturalized in the southern U. S. It 

 occur- in curved pieces or quills, having a sweetish 

 taste. The decoction, ^ ij to 1 ij. i- a gastrointestinal 

 irritant and anthelmintic against the round-worm. 

 Dose §ss-j. A., Ext. Fid. Dose _^j. A., Tinct- 

 ura, 1 to 8. Dose JJss-ij. I'nof. 



Azerin \az'-er-in) [badly formed from a priv. ; _- 

 dry]. A ferment analogous to ptyalin and found in 

 the digestive secretion- of I . Nepenthes, and 



probably all other insectivorous plants. It is actively 

 antiseptic and strongly deliquescent, and hastens 

 rapidly the wetting of flies that fall into its solution. 



Azobenzene [az-o-ben' '-zin) [ii priv.; Twroc, living; 

 benzoin], (', J I ,,,\ \ compound formed by the action 

 of sodium amalgam upon the alcoholic solution of 

 nitro-benzene. It forms orange-red. rhombic crystal-, 

 readily soluble in alcohol and ether, but sparingl) 

 soluble in water. It melt- at (>N°, and distils at 

 293 . 



Azo-compounds. In chemistry, compounds interme 

 diate between the nitrocompounds and the amido- 

 compounds, and made from the former by partial 

 reduction, or from the latter by partial oxidation. 



Azodiphenyl Blue. Same as Coupier's Blue. 



Azo-dyes. A well defined group of the coal-tar color-, 

 all containing the diatomic group — N — N — , bound 

 on either side to a benzene radical. They may be 

 prepared by reduction of the nitrocompound- in 

 alkaline solution-, or by acting on diazo-compound- 

 with phenols or amins of the aromatic series. I he 

 azo-dyes are the amido-derivatives of simple azo 

 compounds, and are to be distinguished as amidoa/o 

 dyes and oxyazo-dyes. See Conspectus of Pigment . 

 under Pigment. 



Azoic [a- o'-ik) [a priv. ; _'u/ . life]. In biology, d 

 tute of living organisms. 



