B \< II LUS 



157 



BACTERIA 



Bacillus Ibas-il'-us) [dim. of baculum; bacillum, 

 a small staff: pi., Bacilli], [a] A genus of tiaeSchizo- 

 mycetes established by Cohn ; synonym, Bacteridium, 

 Davaine; Bacterium, Delafond ; Vibrio, Cohn; and 

 including all the elongated forms excepl such as are 

 spiral and have a gyratory motion , which are classed 

 in the genus Spirillum. The bacilli are ri^id oi 

 flexible, motile or non motile, and reproduce either by 

 direct fission or by endogenous spore formation. Se< 

 Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. (6) An individual 

 of the genus Bacillus. (c) A medicated rod or 

 bougie. (</) Any rod-like body, or specifically, one 

 of the retinal rods. (<) In botany, the term applied 

 to the cotyledon of certain plant-. .... the hyacinth; 

 or to the basal portion of some flower-clusters. 



Back {bak) [Mil., />,//:■]. Dorsum; posterior aspect. 

 B. Combination. See Combination. B. Draught 

 {bak' draft), the inspiration of whooping-cough. 

 B. Posture. See Postures. B. Stroke of the 

 Heart. See Diastole. 



Backache {bak'-dk) [ME., bak; aken\ Pain in the 

 back. 



Backbone (bak'-bon) [ME., bak ; boon]. The verte- 

 bral column. 



Back-cut of Salmon. See Salmon, and Operations, 

 Table of. 



Bacony Infiltration (ba'-kon-e in-fil-tra'-shuri). Same 

 as Albuminoid Infiltration. 



Bacteremia (bak-ter-e' '-me-ah) [bacterium, rod; al/ua, 

 blood]. The presence of bacteria in the blood. 



Bacterium [bak-te* -re-um) [/3a/cr#/Mov, a little stick: //., 

 Bacteria]. I. A genus of schizomycetous fungi estab- 

 lished by Ehrenberg (1838) and Dujardin (1841) ; 

 characterized by short, linear, inflexible, rod-like 

 forms, without tendency to unite into chains or fila- 

 ments. 2. The distinction between the genus Bacte- 

 rium ( I lujardin), and the genus Bacillus (Cohn) is not 

 well founded, and all straight, elongated forms should 

 be referred to the latter genus. The word bacteria as 

 now employed is practically synonymous with Schizo- 

 mvcetes. Microorganisms, or Microbes, and includes 

 those minute Thallophytes, with or without chloro- 

 phyll, related on the one hand to the Nostocacece, and 

 on the other to the FlageUata. Morphologically, 

 bacteria are either spherical (cocci) ; in the form of 

 straight rods (bacilli); or of twisted rods (spirilli). 

 They occur either free, as filaments in layers, or in 

 cube-like packets. Erequently large gelatinous masses 

 called Zooglcca are formed. As regards growth they 

 are grouped either as Endosporous bacteria, includ- 

 ing those that form spores endogenously ; or as 

 Arthrosporous bacteria, including those that mul- 

 tiply by fission. Bacteria are either aerobic, i.e., 

 dependent upon the presence of free oxygen for the 

 purpose of vegetation, or anaerobic, in which free 

 oxygen is not essential , as they possess the power of 

 appropriating the oxygen of unstable organic combi- 

 nations, thus acting as disorganizing, fermentative, 

 or putrefactive agents. Again, certain forms appear 

 to possess the ability to flourish in either condition, 

 and are known as facultative anaerobic. Bacteria 

 are either motile or non-motile ; they may exist as 

 saprophytes, facultative parasites, strict, obligate, 

 or true parasites. Those that produce pigment are 

 known as chromogenic ; those that produce fer- 

 mentation as zymogenic ; those that affect adversely 

 the health of plants or animals as pathogenic. See 

 Bacteria^ Synonymatic Table of, and special terms 

 under appropriate headings. 



* Abbreviations. — aer. = aerobic anaer. — anaerobic, chg.-- 

 tive. monom. = monomorphic. mot. = motile, nliqf 

 obl. = obligate, oscl. = oscillating, pg. = pathogenic ph 



SYNONYMATIC TABLE OF BACTERIA.* 



Actinobacter du lait visqueux, Duclaux. found in 

 ropy milk, aer., nliqf., npg. Actinobacter poly- 

 morphus. See Bacillus butyricu . Prazmowski. 

 Actinomyces bovis, Ilarz. Syn. Cladothi 

 Cladothrix canis, I I >und in Actinomyi 



and in sputum of tuberculous patients. Discovered 

 by Langenbi 1 545); '""' correctly described by 



Israel 1 1878). Bollinger firsl to rei ognize it in cattle. 

 1 onsidered by Paltauf, Israel, and Wolf as a pleo- 

 morphic schizophyte. Occurs in grains the size of 

 a poppy-seed ; composed of radiating threads. Stains 

 with anilin dyes; is not decolorized by Gram's 

 method. Grows on egg albumin, gelatin, potato, and 

 bouillon, liqf, pg., chg. (Sulphur-yellow., .flSthyl- 

 bacillus de Fitz. See Ba illu ubtilis, Ehrenberg, 

 etc. Amylobacter Clostridium, Trecul. See Bacillus 

 butyricus, Prazmowski. A New Bacillus of Ma- 

 lignant Edema, Klein. Sec Bacillus cedematis 

 aerobieus, Klein. Anthrax bacillus. See Bacillus 

 anthracis, Pollender and Davaine. Arthrobacterium 

 aceti, De Bary. See Bacillus aceti, Kutzing. 

 Arthrobacterium chlorinum, De Bary. 

 cillus chlorinus, Engelmann. Arthrobacterium 

 merismopcedioides, De Bary. See Bacillu meris- 

 mopasdioides, Zopf. Arthrobacterium pastorianum, 

 De Bary. See Bacillus pasteurianus, Han 

 Arthrobacterium viride, De Bary. S ilius 



viridis, Van Tieghem. Arthrobacterium zopfii. 

 See Bacillus zopfii. Arthro-kokkaceen, ( it-r. Arthro- 

 spore bacteria forming only cocci and cocci-chains. 

 Ascobacillus citreus, Unna and Tommasoli. Syn. 

 Ascococcus citreus. On the skin, in cases of eczema 

 seborrhceicum. aer., Uqf, mot., chg. (lemon-yello 

 npg. Ascobacterium ulvina, Van Tieghem. Short 

 rods occurring in liquids containing decaying legumi- 

 nous seeds. Ascococcus billrothii, Cohn. Lobu- 

 lated masses, producing a viscous fermentation of 

 saccharine fluids and evolving butyric acid in solution of 

 ammonium tartrate. Ascococcus citreus, Unna and 

 Tommasoli. See Ascobacillus citreus. Ascococcus 

 johnei, Cohn. See Micrococcus botryogenus, Kabe. 

 Ascococcus mesenteroides, Cienkowski. See Leu- 

 conostoc mesenteroides, Cienkowski. Ascococcus 

 vibrans, Van Tieghem. Upon water containing 

 Beggiatoa ; distinguished from A. billrothii by the 

 whirling and oscillating of the cells. Aussatz- 

 bacillus, ( ler. See Bacillus leprce, I Ian - 

 Bacille aerogene, Fr. See Bacillus lactis aerogenes, 

 Miller. Bacille aerophile, Fr. See Bacillus aero- 

 philus, Liborius. Bacille brun de la pomme 

 de terre, Er. See Bacillus mesentericus fu 

 Fliigge. Bacille butylique, Fr. See Bacillus buty- 

 licus, Fitz. Bacille butyrique, Fr. See Barillas 

 butyricus, Pasteur. Bacille commune de la pomme 

 de terre, Fr. See Bacillus mesentericus vulgatus, 

 Fliigge. Bacille coprogene fetide, Fr. See Bacillus 

 coprogenes fcetidus, Schottelius. Bacille cyanogene, 

 Er. See Bacillus cyanogenus, Hueppe. Bacille de 

 Bienstock, I, II, Fr. See Bacillus subtilis simulans, 

 Bienstock. Bacille de Brieger, IV. See Bacillus 

 cavicidus,Brieger. Bacille deDenecke, IV. See Spir- 

 illum tyrogenum, Denecke. Bacille de Finkler et 

 Prior, Fr. See Spirillum of Finkler and Prior. 

 Bacille de Hauser. See Proteus mirabilis, Proteus 

 vulgaris, Proteus zenkeri, Hauser. Bacille de Koch. 

 See Bacillus tuber 1 Koch. Bacille de la 



chylurie, Fr. See Bacillus of chyluria, Wils 



chromogenic facanaer. — facultative anaerobic. Uqf = liquefac- 

 = non-liquefactive. nmnt. = non-motile npg. — non-pathogenic. 

 os = phosphorescent plrom = pleomorphic, sap = saprophytic. 



