BIERMER'S CHANGE OP NOT] 



20£ 



1 : 1 1 . 1 N 



Biermer's Change of Note. See Signs and Symptoms , 

 labl 



Bifenestrate [bi-fen-es / -trat\ Same as Biperfordte. 



Bifid (bi'-fid) {bis, twice; findere, to cleave]. Divided 

 in two ; ' left, as the spina bifida. 



Bifocal (bi-fo'-kal) [/'/.two; focus, a point]. With a 

 double focus. Applied to a system of lenses or specta< 

 glasses with two foci, chiefly used for the i orrei tion of 

 presbyopia, when there is at the same time an error 

 of refraction for distant vision. The distance li n> 

 is above that lor near work. These are sometimes 



B. Distance Lens. 



Bifocal Lens. 



A. Reading Lens, cemented to the 

 I listance lens. 



called Pantoscopic /ones, and also Franklin spectacles, 

 because the device was first made by Benjamin 

 Franklin. ^0They are also called Cement lenses, because 

 now made by cementing the lower segment to the 

 distance lens. 



Biforate (bi-fo' -rat) [bi, two; foratus, perforated]. 

 Having two foramina. 



Biforin {bi'-for-in) [biforis, having two doors]. In 

 biology, the name applied by Turpin to raphides- 

 bearing cells in which the raphides are discharged 

 from both ends of the cell. 



Bifurcate (bi-fr'-hat) [bi, two ; /urea, a fork]. Di- 

 vided into two, like a fork. 



Bifurcation (bi-fer-fca' -shun) [bifurca/io ; from bi, two ; 

 furca, a fork]. Division into two branches, as of a 

 tooth into two roots ; of the trachea and of the aorta 

 into two branches. 



Big {big) [ME., big, large]. Great with young; preg- 

 nant. B.-jaw, actinomycosis in the ox. 



Bigarade (be-gah-ra(h)d') [Fr.]. The bitter orange. 

 Its volatile oil [essence or /utile de bigarade) is used in 

 pharmacy and in perfumery. 



Bigelovia (big-lo' -ve-ah) [Bigelow, an American botan- 

 ist]. A genus of composite-flowered plants. See 

 Damiana. 



Bigelow's Ligament. The Y-ligament ; ilio-femoral 

 ligament. B.'s Method. See Treatment, Methods of. 

 B.'s Operation. See Operations, Table of. B.'s 

 Septum, in anatomy, a layer of hard bony tissue 

 in the neck of the thigh-bone. 



Bigeminate (bi-jem' -in-at) [bigeminus, doubled]. In 

 biology, forked, doubled. 



Bigeminum (bi-jem' '-in-um) [bi, two; geminus, a 

 twin]. ( )ne of the corpora bigemina of the brain ; one 

 of the optic lobes of the brain. 



Biglenoid {bi-gl'-noi,t) [bi, two; ykfjVTi, a socket; 

 rietoe, form]. Relating to both of any pair of glenoid 

 cavities. 



Bignonia (big-no' -ne-ah) [Bignon, a French sa- 

 vant]. A genus of climbing-plants, often woody. B. 

 alliacea, of the W. Indies, and B. capreolata, of N. 

 America, are regarded asantisyphilitic. Several other 

 species are reputed to be actively medicinal. I'nof. 



Bigoniac (bi-go' ' -nc ■-ak) [bi, two ; yuvia, an angle]. Re- 

 lating to the two gonions. 



Bijugular [bi-juf -gu-lar) [bi, two; jugulum, the collar- 

 bone]. R( i the two jugular poinl 



Bikh (bik) [native Nepalese]. The Nepalese poison, 

 bish ; it is derived from the roots ot Aconitum j< ■ 

 See Aconite. 



Bilabe (bi' -lab, or be-la(h)b') [Fr. ; bi, two; labium Up]. 

 A surgil al instrument for removing foreign bodies 

 from the bladder through the urethra. 



Bilateral (bi-laf '-er-al) [bi, two ; latus, a side]. Relat- 

 ing to two sides ; sinistrodextral. B. Symmetry, the 

 symmetry of right and left halves. B. Operation. 

 See Lithotomy. 



Bilateralism (bi-laf '-er-al-izm) [bi, two; latus a side]. 

 Bilateral symmetry. 



Bile [bit) [bills; X""h the bile]. The substance se< i 

 by the liver. It is mucilaginous, golden brown in 

 man. golden-red in camivora, brownish green in 

 herbivora, and green in birds. It is composed of 

 biliary salts, cholesterin, mucus, and certain pigments. 

 The principal acids are taurocholi (< ., 1 1 , \>< i. and 

 vcocholu (CjgH^NOg), both commonly combined 

 with sodium. The taste of bile is intensely bitter : 

 reaction feebly alkaline, and its density from 1026 to 

 I032. It exercises a diastatic action on starch, emul 

 sifies fats, and precipitates soluble peptone. Its com- 

 position varies, but according to Hoppe-Seyler, in 100 

 parts bile there are of 



Inorganicniatter,' '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ;9«-68 Parts. 



Organic matter, 8.32 " 



MucUs 1.29 " 



Taurocholate of sodium 0.S7 



Glycocholate of sodium 3.03 " 



Saponified fat 1.39 " 



Cholesterin, 0.35 " 



Lecithin 0.53 " 



Fat 0.73 " 



B. Pigments, the coloring-matters of the bile, B. 

 P., Tests for. See Tests, Table of. 



Bilharzia (bil-har'-ze-ah) [named after Theodor Bil- 

 harz, an helminthologist]. A genus of trematode 

 helminths, established by Cobbold, characterized In- 

 having the sexes separate. See Gynecophorus and 

 Parasites [Animal), Table of. B. haematobia. - 

 Distoma. 



Bilharziosis (bil-har-ze-o'-sis) [Bilharzia']. The en- 

 semble of symptoms produced by the presence in 

 the intestine of worms of the genus Bilharzia. 



Biliary (bil'-e-a-re) [bills, bile]. Pertaining to the bile. 

 B. Acids, glycocholic and taurocholic acids formed in 

 the liver. For tests for B. A. in the urine, see 7 

 Table of. B. Colic, colic produced by the passage 

 of gall-stones. See Gall-stones. B. Ducts, the 

 hepatic, the cystic and the ductus communis 

 choledochus. The first leads from the liver, the 

 second from the gall-bladder. The third is a common 

 excretory duct. See Liver. 



Bilicyanin [bil-e-si' -an-in) [bilis, bile; kv&vcoc, blue]. 

 Cholecyanin, choleverdin. A blue pigment obtained 

 from bilirubin. 



Biliflavin (bil-e-fla'-viri) [bilis, bile; flavus, yellow]. 

 A yellow coloring-matter derivable from biliverdin. 



Bilifulvin (bil-e-ful'-vin) [bilis, bile ; fulvus, fulvous]. 

 An impure form of bilirubin ; also a yellow bile-color 

 from ox-gall, not normallv present in human 1 ile. 



Bilifuscin (bil-e- fits' -in) [bilis, bile ; fusciis, brown], 

 ( ',,,1 1., (l .\ .,< >,. A pigmentary matter occurring in bile, 

 and in human gall-stones. 



Bilihumin (bil-e-hu'-min) [bilis, bile; humus, earth]. 

 An insoluble residue left after treating gall-stones with 

 various solvents. 



Bilin (bi'-liu) [bilis, bile]. A mixture of the taurocho- 

 late and glycocholate of sodium, forming a copious 

 resinoid constituent of the bile. 



