CI. VERS 



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< « M A I N 



Clyers [kli'-erz). See CHre and A^rr« 



Clypeate (klip'-e-at) [clypeus, a shield]. In biology, 

 shaped like a buckler. 



Clyster (klis f -ter) [»/rar/,]i, an injection]. An enema. 



Cnemis [in-'-i/tis) [kvt}/j.u , a legging]. The tibia or 

 shin-bone. 



Cnemitis (ne-mi' '-tis) [kv/'/iu/, shin ; iTif, inflammation], 

 [nflammation of the tibia. 



Cnicin (ni'-sin) [tan/nog, a plant of tin- thistle kind], 

 C^HjjOjg. A crystalline bitter substance found in 

 rsed Thistle. 



Cnidoblast (ni' '-do-blast) [icvidij, a nettle; \Xaar6q , a 

 germ]. In biology, the budding thread-cell or urticat- 

 ing cell. 



Cnidocell (ni'-do-sel) [cnida, a nettle ; <<//</, a cell]. 

 In biology, a lasso-cell, nematocyst, or urticating cell. 



Cnidocil (ni'-do-sil) \_cnida, a nettle; cilium, an eye- 

 lash]. In biology, the thread of a nematocyst. 



Cnidophorous (nid-off'-or-us) \p>iSri, a nettle; ipipeiv, 

 to bear]. In biology, bearing lasso-cells or nemato- 

 cysts. 



Cnidosis (ni-do'-sis) [nvi8i], nettle]. Urtication; nel 

 tie-rash. 



Coacervate (ko-as-erv'-al) [coacervare, to heap up]. 

 In biology, clustered, bunched; said of grains or 

 flowers. 



Coach (/w//). See Quizzer. 



Coachmen's Cramp. See Cramp. 



Coadnate (ko-ad'-nat) [con, together; adnatus, 

 bunched]. In biology, clustered. 



Coagulant (ho-ag 1 '-u-lant) [coagulare, to curdle]. I. 

 Causing the formation of a clot or coagulum. 2. A 

 coagulating agent. 



Coagulated (ko-ag* -u-la-ted) [coagulare, to curdle]. 

 Clotted ; curdled. C. Proteids, a class of proteids 

 produced by heating solutions of egg albumin or 

 serum-albumin globulin suspended in water or dis- 

 solved jn saline solutions, up to loo°C. At the body- 

 temperature they are readily converted into peptones 

 by the action of the gastric juice in an acid, or of 

 pancreatic juice in an alkaline medium. 



Coagulation (ko-ag-u-la f -shun) [coagulatio, a. clot- 

 ting]. The formation of a coagulum or clot, as in 

 blood or in milk. 



Coagulative {ko-ag' -u-la-tn : ) [coagulare, to curdle]. 

 Causing or marked by coagulation. C. Necrosis. 

 See Xecrosis. 



Coagulum (ho-ao-' '-u-luni) [coagulare, to curdle : pi. , 

 Coaguld], Clot. The mass of fibrin, enclosing red 

 and colorless corpuscles and serum, that forms from 

 the plasma of the blood after the latter has been 

 drawn from the body. Also, the curd of milk, and 

 the insoluble form of albumin. 



Coal (hoi) [ME., cole]. A solid and more or less 

 distinctly stratified mineral, varying in color from dark- 

 brown to black, brittle, combustible, and used as a fuel ; 

 not fusible without decomposition, and very insoluble. 

 C, Anthracite, the hard variety of coal, used largely 

 as a heating-agent. It contains but little hydrogen, 

 and is mainly (over 90 percent. ) composed of pure car- 

 bon. C, Bituminous, is black or grayish-black in 

 color, of a Fesinous luster, and somewhat friable, being 

 easily broken into cubical fragments of more or less 

 regularity ; upon ignition it burns with a yellow dame. 

 When heated to bright redness in retorts or ovens, free 

 from the access of air, the volatile matter, composed of 

 carbon compounds of hydrogen and oxygen with water, 

 passes off. It is used in the manufacture of gas. C, 

 Cannel is much more compact than gas or coking 

 coals, duller in appearance, possessing a grayish-black 

 to brown color, and burning with a clean candle-like 

 flame. It does not soil the hands, and is not readily 

 20 



fractured. C, Brown, or Lignite, appears to occupy 

 an intermediate portion between the bituminous coals 

 and wood. It retain- the ligneous structure of the 

 material from which it 1- formed, hence the name 

 Lignite. 'I table remains are in a great many 



quiti distinct. The color varies from yellowish 

 brown in the earthy, to black in the more compact, 

 1 oal like van. ties It does nol yield coke. It i- used 

 as fuel in some localities, /'eat, or Turf, occurring in 

 large area-, in Ireland and in some parts of Eun 

 consists of the decayed remain- of certain forms ol 

 plants. It has been destructively di-tilled for tarry 

 products, without profit, however. C. -miner's Lung. 

 Miner's Lung. C.-tar, a by-product in the 

 manufacture of illuminating gas; it is a black, vis 

 fluid of a characteristic and disagreeable odor. The 

 specific gravity range- from 1.10 to 1.2". 'Its compo- 

 sition is extremely complex, and its principal constitu- 

 ents are separated, one from the other, by mean- of 

 fractional distillation. C.-tar Colors. See Pigments, 

 t i '/ <rs, and Dyi stuffs. 



Coalescence (ko-al-es' '-ens) [coalescere, to grow to- 

 gether]. The union of two or more parts or things. 



Coaptation (ko-ap-ta r -shun) [con, together; apta; 

 fit]. I lie proper union or adjustment of the ends of a 

 fractured bone, the lips of a wound, etc. 



Coarctate (ko-ark r -tat) [coarctare, to press together]. 

 ( Irowded together. 



Coarctation (ko-ark-ta 1 '-shun) [coarctare, to put to- 

 gether]. A compression of the wall- of a vessel or 

 canal, thus narrowing or closing the lumen ; reduction 

 of the normal or previous volume, as of the pu 

 shrivelling and consequent detachment, as of the 

 retina. A stricture. 



Coarctotomy (ko-ark-tof '-o-me) [coarctatus, constricted ; 

 TEfiveiv, to cut]. The cutting of a stricture. 



Coarse (kors) [ME. , course]. Not fine; gross. C. 

 Adjustment. See Adjustment. C. Features of 

 Disease, macroscopic organic lesions, such as tumor, 

 hemorrhage, etc. 



Coarticulation (ko-ar-tik-u-la' -shun) [eon, together; 

 articulare, to join, articulate]. A synarthrosis. 



Coat (hot) [coitus, a tunic]. A cover, or membrane 

 covering a part, or substance. C, Buffy, the u] 

 fibrinous layer of the clot of coagulated blood, marked 

 by its color, and absence of red-corpuscles. 



Coates's Operation. See Operations. Table of. 



Coating (hotf-ing) [coitus, a tunic]. A covering, as of 

 a wound, the tongue, etc. C. of the Tongue, a con- 

 dition of the tongue indicative of abnormality of the 

 digestive tract. C. of Pills, a covering of various sub- 

 stances to conceal the taste in swallowing. 



Cobalt (ho'-bawlt) [Kobold, a German mythologic 

 goblin]. A tough, heavy metal having some of the 

 general properties of iron. Its oxids have been em- 

 ployed in medicine, but are now very little used. See 

 Elements, Table of. C.-blue. See Pigments, Con- 

 spectus of. C. -green. Same as Rinmanris Green. 

 C.-red. See Pigments, Conspectus of. C. -ultra- 

 marine. Same as Cobalt-blue. C. -yellow. 

 Pigments, Conspectus of. 



Cobweb (hob'rweb) [ME., cobweb, a. spider's web"]. 

 Tela aranece, spider's web. The web of a common 

 house spider, Tegeneria domestica. It is a styptic rec< »m 

 mended for bleeding after tooth-extraction, and in 

 pulmonary tuberculosis, in 30-grain doses. It forms 

 a serviceable moxa, with the aid of the blowpipe. 



Coca (ko , -kah). See Erytkroxylon. 



Cocain (ko'-kah-in. or ho / -hdn)[S.A. . r<va],C 17 H 21 N< >,. 

 The chief alkaloid extract of Erytkroxylon eoea. It 

 is at first stimulant and afterward narcotic, and resem- 

 bles caffein in its action on the nerve-centers, and 



