DiA\ ECKER'S I >PERATION 



367 



DIABE1 ES 



DeWecker's Operations. See Operations, Table of. 



Dewees' Carminative. Sec Asafetida. 



Dewlap {du f -lap) [MI-'.., dewlappe, a loose, hanging 

 piece]. The pendulous longitudinal fold of skin 

 under the throat of in< .-.t bovine animals ami of some 

 dogs; the wattle of a turkey; colloquially, the 

 similar fold seen occasionally under the chin of old 

 persons. 



Dexicardia {deks-e-kar'-de-ah). See Dexiocardia and 

 I),- xtrocardia. 



Dexiocardia {deks-e-o-kar f -de-ah) [dej-idg, on the righl ; 

 Kapdia, the heart]. Transposition of the heart to the 

 right side of the thorax. 



Dexter {deks'-ter) [I-]. Right; upon the right side. 



Dextrad [deks / -trad] [dexter, right ; ad, to]. Toward 

 the right side. See Position and Direction, Table of. 



Dextral [deks'-tral) [dexter, right]. Pertaining to the 

 right side ; right handed. See Position and Direction, 

 Table of. 



Dextran (deks'-trari) [dexter, right], G, ; II 10 O 3 . A 

 stringy, gummy substance formed in milk by the ac- 

 tion of cocci, and occurring in unripe beet-root. 



Dextren (ticks' -iren ) [dexter, right]. Belonging to the 

 dextral side in itself. 



Dextrin (deks'-trin) [dexter, right], C 6 H 10 O 5 . The 

 soluble or gummy matter into which starch is con- 

 verted by diastase or by certain acids. It is white, 

 insipid, odorless, and is remarkable for the extent 

 to which it turns the plane of polarization to the 

 right hand, whence its name. See Carbohydrates, 

 Table of. 



Dextrins (deks'-trinz) [dexter, right]. Gummy amor- 

 phous masses, readily soluble in water and precipitated 

 by alcohol. Their aqueous solutions are dextro-rota- 

 tory, hence their name. They do not reduce Fehling's 

 solution, even on boiling, and are incapable of direct 

 fermentation ; in the presence of diastase, however, 

 they can be fermented by yeast. 



Dextrocardia (deks-tro-kar' ' -de-ah) [dexter, right ; 

 naptYia, heart]. A congenital condition in which the 

 heart is situated on the right side of the thorax ; either 

 alone or as a part of a general transposition of the 

 viscera. See Dexiocardia. 



Dextro-compound (deks-tro-com' pound) [dexter, 

 right; componere , to set together]. In chemistry, a 

 compound body that causes a ray of polarized light to 

 rotate to the right. Dextrin, malic acid, and cinchonin 

 are dextro-compounds. 



Dextrogyrate (deks-tro-ji'-rdi). Same as Dextro-rota- 

 tory. 



Dextrolichenin (deks-tro-W '-ken-in) [dexter, right ; 

 XeiXr/v, a lichen]. A form of lichenin readily dis- 

 tinguished from normal lichenin in being colored blue 

 by iodin, while lichenin is not. 



Dextro-rotatory ulcks-tro-ro'-tat-or-e) [dexter, right ; 

 rotare, to whirl]. Causing to turn toward the right 

 hand, as a dextro-rotatory crystal. 



Dextrose (deks'-tros) [dexter, right], C 6 H, 2 6 . Grape- 

 sugar. A sugar belonging to the glucose-group, that 

 crystallizes from aqueous solution with 1 1 1 ,< ) in nodu- 

 lar masses of six-sided scales. It is readily soluble in 

 water and alcohol, has a taste lesssweet than ordinary 

 cane-sugar, and directly reduces an alkaline copper- 

 solution. It is dextro-rotatory to polarized light. It 

 is found in most sweet fruits, and in large amount in 

 diabetic urine. See Sugar and Glucose. 



Dextro-sinistral (deks-tro-sin-is' '-tral) [dexter, right; 

 sinister, left]. Extending from right to left. 



Dextroversion (deks-tro-ver'-zhioi) [dexter, right; 

 vertere, to turn]. Version to the right side, as when 

 the fundus of the uterus is tilted dextrally ; dextral 

 latero-version. 



Dezeanneau's Operation. See Operations, Table of. 



Dhobie's Itch. An Indian name for Ringworm of the 

 body. 



Diabetes [di-ab-e'-tiz)[6u did, through; .in 



to go]. The habitual excessive discharge of urine ; 

 used alone the term often designates D. mellitus. 

 D., Artificial, that form produced in the physiol 

 laboratory by puncturing the floor of the fourth 

 ventricle of the brain. D., Cerebral, diabetes in 

 which cerebrose appears in the urine in place ■>! the 

 ordinary form of glucose or liver-sugar. It indii 

 a cerebral lesion. D., English. Synonym of 1). 

 mellitus. D., Fat, a variety in which there is a 

 tendency to obesity. D. insipidus, polyuria, a 

 disease characterized by the excessive secretion of 

 a urine of low specific gravity, associated with a 

 marked degree of thirst, but without the presence 

 of glycosuria. The urine is pale, almost color! 

 and with a specifii gravity but slightly above that 

 of water, and may be voided in considerable quan- 

 tities, even as much as fifty pints in a day. Many 

 of the cases progressively emaciate and finally die 

 of exhaustion. There is frequently found some 

 lesion of the central nervous system, as a cerebral 

 tumor ; or the disease may be due to some lesion of 

 the vaso-motor system of nerves. It is most frequent 

 in males, and usually occurs between the ages of 

 five and thirty years. D., Lean, a variety in which 

 emaciation is marked. D. mellitus, glycosuria, 

 a disease of the metabolic functions of the system, 

 without gross or clearly defined anatomic lesions, 

 manifesting itself by glycosuria, polyuria, thirst, and 

 progressive loss of flesh and strength, with a tendency 

 to a fatal termination. The onset is generally 

 insidious. The urine is not so excessive as in simple 

 polyuria, but may be as much as thirty pints in twenty- 

 four hours. It contains glucose or grape-sugar, varying 

 in quantity from two to five per cent., but occasionally 

 reaching as high as ten or twelve per cent. The 

 specific gravity is increased to between 1040 and 

 1060 though it may be as low as 1010; the quantity 

 of urea is increased ; in some cases there is an 

 excess of the phosphates of the urine, and these cases 

 have been termed " phosphatic diabetes.'''' The re- 

 action of the urine is slightly acid ; the smell sweet- 

 ish. The emaciation is very marked and rapid, and 

 persists notwithstanding the fact that the appetite 

 is ravenous and the patient consumes an enormous 

 quantity of food. Toward the end of the disease 

 there is a failure of the mental faculties. Among the 

 complications of diabetes mav be mentioned a tuber- 

 culous variety of pneumonia, eczema and pruritus of the 

 skin, gangrene of the toes, albuminuria, opacity of the 

 crystalline lens, coma, and cardiac failure. Coma occurs 

 most frequently in the young, and is characterized by 

 an extreme degree of dyspnea both of inspiration and 

 of expiration; it has been called " air hunger" by 

 Kussmaul. No appreciable cause for the dyspnea can 

 be found. As regards the morbid anatomy of diabetes 

 no lesion has as yet been found. The disease occurs 

 most commonly in young males, and in those of the 

 gouty and neurotic diatheses. Exposure to cold, 

 mental strain, injuries of the cerebrum, and the exces- 

 sive use of starchy ami saccharine foods, are given as 

 exciting causes. D., Mosler's, polyuria due to the 

 presence of too much inosit in the blood. D., Non- 

 saccharine. Synonym of />. insipidus. D., Pan- 

 creatic, a variety of glycosuria associated with and 

 probably dependent upon disease of the pancreas. 

 D., Phloretin, that form produced in animals by the 

 administration of phloretin. D., Phloridzin, that 

 following the administration of phloridzin. D., Phos- 



