LIGAMENTAI. 



685 



LIGHT 



the atlas, and surrounding the odontoid process of the 

 axis. L., Transverse [of hip-joint), one extending 

 across the cotyloid notch of the acetabulum. L., 

 Transverse [of knee-joint), one extending from the 

 anterior margin of the external semilunar fibro-carti- 

 lage to the extremity of the internal semilunar fibro- 

 cartilage. L., Transverse, Medial [of tarsus), one 

 extending from the first cuneiform to 1 1 k - bases of the 

 third and fourth metatarsal bones. L., Transverse 

 [of shoulder-joint). See L., Coraco-acromial. L., 

 Transverso-costal. See L., Costo-transverse. L., 

 Trapezoid, the anterior or external portion of the 

 coraco-clavicular ligament, extending from the upper 

 surface of the coracoid process of the scapula, to the 

 under surface of the clavicle. L., Triangular : i. The 

 coraco-acromial ligament, q.v. 2. That portion of the 

 aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle extending 

 from the outer portion of Poupart's ligament to the 

 linea alba. L., Triangular [of liver). See L., Lat- 

 eral (of liver). L., Triangular, Anterior (of pelvis). 

 See L., Pubic, Inferior. L., Utero-rectal. See Z., 

 Utero-sacral. L., Utero-sacral, one of the recto- 

 uterine folds of peritoneum. L., Utero-vesical, one 

 of the folds of peritoneum connecting the bladder to 

 the uterus. L., Vertebral, Posterior, one extend- 

 ing from the axis to the sacrum, along the posterior 

 surface of the bodies of the vertebra;. L., Vesico- 

 uterine. See Z., Utero-vesical. L., Weitbrecht's. 

 A bundle of fibers upon the anterior aspect of the 

 interosseous ligament of the radio-cubital articulation. 

 L., Winslow's, the posterior ligament of the 

 knee-joint. See I.., Posterior [of knee-joint). L., 

 Y-shaped [of Bigeloiv), the Ilio-femoral ligament. 

 L. of Zinn, the tendinous origin of the external, in- 

 ferior, and internal recti muscles of the eye. 



Ligamental [lig-am-en'-tal), Ligamentary [lig-am- 

 en' -tare) [ligare, to bind]. Of the nature of a liga- 

 ment. 



Ligamentous (lig-am-en f -tus) \ligamentum, from 

 li^are, to bind]. Of the nature of, or pertaining to, a 

 ligament. 



Ligamentum [lig-am-en'-tum) [L. : pi., Ligamenta~\. 

 See Ligament. L. dentis, a name given to that 

 portion of the gum which is attached to the neck of 

 a tooth. 



Ligation {li-ga f -shun) \ligatio : ligare, to tie]. The 

 operation of tying, especially of tying arteries. L. 

 of Cord, applying a ligature about the umbilical cord 

 of the new-born child. L., Multiple, the application 

 of several ligatures in the course of a vessel. L. in 

 Continuity, ligation of a vessel in its course for the 

 cure of an aneurysm or to arrest hemorrhage at some 

 distant point. 



Ligator (li-ga'-tor) [ligare. to bind]. An instrument 

 used in placing and fastening ligatures. 



Ligature [lig f -at-Ur) \ligatura ; ligare, to tie]. A cord 

 or thread of any material for tying arteries, etc. L., 

 Animal, one made from sheepgut or catgut, or the ten- 

 dons or sinews of various animals. L., Articulated, 

 the Ecraseur, q. v. L., Aseptic, one rendered free 

 from infective material by soaking in and cleansing with 

 germicidal solutions, or by boiling or heating. L., 

 Buckskin, the first absorbable ligature used by 

 Physick, who employed untanned buckskin. L., 

 Carbolized, a ligature rendered aseptic by carbolic 

 acid. L., Catgut, a ligature made from the middle 

 coat of the sheep's intestine, and rendered aseptic and 

 tough by carbolic acid or perchlorid of mercury. L., 

 Chromicised, a ligature hardened by treatment 

 with a solution of chromic acid. L., Deer-skin, 

 a ligature formed of a thin strip cut from prepared 

 deer-skin and rendered aseptic. L., Double, the 



application of two ligatures to a vessel, between 

 which it i.-> divided. In tin- case of a pedunculated 

 growth it refers to two ligatures passed through the 

 -.nne opening and tied at opposite sides. L., Elastic, 

 a narrow band or thread of india-rubber applied tightly 

 to a part so as to destroy the tissues and by compres- 

 sion i" lead to separation. It is used in the treatment 

 of hemorrhoids, anal fistula, and in the removal I 

 pedunculated growths. L., Erichsen's, one c onsisting 

 of a double thread, one half of which i> white, the Other 

 half black ; it i> used in the ligation of nevi. L., 

 Hemp, a thread made from hemp libers rendered 

 aseptic. L., Horsehair, an excellent ligature formed 

 by plaiting together a number of Strands of horsehair. 

 After immersion in oil for some time it becomes ex- 

 tremely supple, and is capable of slow absorption. L., 

 Immediate, a ligature including the vessel alone. L., 

 Intermittent, a tourniquet applied above a poisoned 

 wound to interrupt the blood-current ; it is occasion- 

 ally relaxed to allow of renewal of the circulation. L., 

 Kangaroo, a ligature made from the smaller tendons 

 of the kangaroo's tail, dried and carbolized. It is 

 stouter than the catgut ligature, and is not absorbed 

 so readily. L., Lateral, partial occlusion of the 

 lumen of a vessel by a loose ligature. L., " Loose," 

 a ligature employed by the younger Cline and South. 

 It consists in the application of a thread around an 

 artery so loosely as not to interfere with the pas-age of 

 the blood. It was erroneously believed to cause an 

 inflammation that would completely block up the ves- 

 sel. L., Mediate, one enclosing some of the 

 soft parts as well as the artery. L., Metallic, one 

 made of silver or other metal. L., Momentary, the 

 momentary application of a tight ligature so as to rup- 

 ture the intima of an artery. L., Ox-aorta, a form 

 of broad ligature introduced by Harwell for the pur- 

 pose of tying an artery without lacerating its inner and 

 middle coats ; it consists of the middle coat of the aorta 

 of the ox, cut spirally, allowed to dry, and, ten minutes 

 before using, soaked in a five per cent, solution of car- 

 bolic acid in water. L., Permanent, one made of 

 non-absorbable material. L., Phlebotomy, the appli- 

 cation of a band to a limb to produce distention of the 

 veins to facilitate venesection. L., Provisional, a 

 ligature applied during an operation, with the intention 

 of removing it before the completion of the operation. 

 L., Quadruple, two double ligatures passed at right 

 angles through a growth and tied in four sections ; it 

 is used in the strangulation of nevi. L., Scarpa's, 

 one employed in the ligation of arteries ; it consists of 

 a small fold of linen which is placed against the vessel 

 and over which the ligature is tied. L., Silk, a 

 thread of silk for ligating vessels. L., Silkworm- 

 gut, a material recommended for purposes of ligation 

 by MacSweeny in 1S1S. It is the fiber drawn out 

 from the silkworm killed when it is just ready to spin 

 its cocoon. L., Soluble, an animal ligature capable 

 of being absorbed. L., Tendon, the tendon, or 

 strips of tendons, of various animals, as those of the 

 kangaroo, deer, and whale, dried and carbolized. L., 

 Wire, a metallic wire for the ligation of arteries and 

 other parts. After it-; application it is cut short and 

 allowed to become encapsulated. 

 Light {lit) [ME., light, light]. That form of energy 

 which, when impinging upon the retina, gives rise to 

 the sensation of vision. The old theory was the so- 

 called Emission, or Corpuscular Theory, which re- 

 garded light as consisting of minute material particles 

 emitted by the luminous body and giving rise to the 

 sensation of vision by impinging upon the 

 retina. The accepted, or Undulatory, Theory re- 

 gards light as a form of ethereal vibration or undu- 



