MASON AND LEFROY. 67 



313. M. phceocephalus. Grey-headed Bulbul. Chiefly on 

 stony fruit, Jerd. B. I., II, 89. 



Crateropodidce are divided into 6 sub-families which must 

 be dealt with more or less separately. 



The Crateropodince with the exception of some species of the 

 two genera Argya and Crateropus, are confined to hill tracts and are 

 not found on the plains. They live in brushwood or jungle and 

 feed on insects found under leaves, etc., on the ground. Some take 

 fruits and may possibly take them from bushes where bush fruit is 

 grown, but in most cases the fruit is picked up from the ground. 

 They are probably all beneficial. 



The Timeliince are almost entirely hill birds, a few species only 

 occurring on the plains. Their food consists chiefly of insects. 

 The Brachypterygince and Sibiince are also hill birds, of the latter 

 Zosterops, probably injurious, occurring in the plains. Liotrichince 

 feed on insects, fruit and berries. The plains species of Aegithina 

 are mostly insectivorous, as also of Chloropsis, while Lrena is more 

 frugivorous. 



Brachypodince. The Bulbuls are both frugivorous and insecti- 

 vorous, and at times some of these are injurious to fruit orchards, 

 though as a class they are beneficial. Molpastes, Pycnonotus and 

 Micropus all occur in the plains. In the hills some species are in- 

 jurious at times to coffee plantations. 



As a family these birds are beneficial, but at all times those spe- 

 cies that take fruit, and a few that take berries, are liable to make 

 inroads on fruit orchards and, in special cases, on coffee plantations. 



SITTID.E. 



The Nut-hatches feed on insects and hard fruits, such as nuts. 

 F. I., I, 299. 



The Nut-hatches seldom seek their food upon the ground, but 

 search every cranny and dig in rotten wood for insects, their larvae 

 and so forth, or collect nuts, acorns, beech-mast and seeds. E, B. 

 C. N. H., 538. 



