322 THE POOD OF BIRDS IN INDIA. 



namely, for trituration to aid in the digestion of other iooci 

 materials, and not as direct articles of food. 



Crows, Magpies, some of the Phasianidae, Thrushes (Merulince), 

 and Dippers (Cinclince) all take Mollusca to a certain extent and 

 especially the two last groups. But it is among the Limicola\ 

 Herodiones, and Anseres that we find the species of birds that 

 eat this class of food to any great extent. The folio wirg shells 

 have been taken from the stomachs of various birds 

 Vivipara crassa from Anas poecilorhyncha. 

 Planorbis sp. from Querquedula circia, Gallinago ccelestis, Tringa 

 minuta, Totanus ochropus, T. glareola, Hoplopterus 

 ventralis, Anihus maculatus, and Calandrella dukhu- 

 nensis. , '> s ;- ii,.- 



Melania tuberculata from Querquedula circia, Totanus ocfao- 

 pus, T. glareola, Hoplopterus ventralis, Amau rn'* 

 phcenicurus. 



Corbicula orientalis from Totanus calidris, T. ochropus, T. gla- 

 reola, Hydrophasianus chirurgus, Centropus sinensis, 

 and Calandrella dukhunensis. 



Bythinia sp. from Sarcogrammus indicus and Upupa nd. a. 

 Unio favidens from Amaurornis phcenicurus. 

 Hydrobia sp. from Motacilla alba. - ." M 



Vivipara sp. ? or Ampullaria sp. ?^ The opercula of some 

 species of shell of one of these two groups were found 

 *' I in Querquedula circia, Hydrophasianus chirurgus, and 



Centropus sinensis. 



Shells of other species and genera were taken from Queiquc- 

 dula circia, Gallinago ccelestis, Rostratula captnsis, 

 Tringa minuta, Totanus glareola, Hydrophasianus chirw- 

 gus, and Calandrella dukhin^nsis. 



The following are also recorded in various references : 



Ampullaria sp. and Unio sp. from Anastomus oscitans. 



Bulimi from Sturnia blythii, and Alsocomus elephinston . 



Helix bistralis from Merula nigripileus. 



