21 



base, without involving the death of the trees. Its work in green trees results 

 in large masses of gum, gum-tubes, about the base of the tree. The species 

 is very widely distributed. It occurs across Canada from the Yukon and 

 British Columbia to Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, and throughout the 

 eastern and western United States and the western portion of Mexico. 



CONTROL MEASURES. 



This species will probably not be found in British Columbia as the sole cause 

 of extensive trouble. When it is assisting more destructive species in killing 

 timber, control work for the outbreak should include the removal of the bark from 

 the stumps of the infested trees during the winter following the infestation. 



Fig. 7 The Red Turpentine Bark-beetle, ( Dendroctonus valens 

 Lec.^ Greatly enlarged. (Original). 



In a region where extensive cutting is in progress, sufficient breeding-places 

 are provided by the dying bark of the stumps. When cutting ceases the beetles 

 may attack the sound trees and cause more or less injury. When the species 

 becomes very abundant in a locality, as evidenced by its borings in the base of 

 spruce and pine stumps, its numbers should be reduced by the removal of the 

 bark of the infested stumps during the winter following the infestation. 



SPREAD OF INFESTATION ABOUT PRINCETON. 



We have not yet sufficient information to enable us to determine definitely 

 the rate of spread; but the number of infested trees is increasing very rapidly. 

 The dying trees have been noticed about Princeton for two or three years. The 

 trees attacked in 1911, or before, (which became red-tops the following summer), 

 have lost nearly all their leaves; those attacked in 1912 are now red-tops, and 

 those attacked this season, 1913, have the foliage fading from yellow to green. 



