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this killed timber has since been injured by the tunnels of the larger wood-borers 

 of the families Cerambycidae and Buprestidae. The thin sap-wood of the mountain 

 pine renders it more resistant to causes of deterioration than the bull pine, and the 

 beetle-killed trees often retain much of their value for several years. 



CONTROL MEASURES. 



The Mountain Pine Bark beetle is controlled by the measures already 

 recommended for the Western Pine Bark-beetle. It is not necessary, however, 

 to burn the bark from the logs, for the grubs, larvae and adults are mostly in the 

 inner bark, and are exposed when the latter is removed. The simple separation 

 of the bark from the wood is effective, therefore, in killing a sufficient number of the 

 brood. The control work should aim at destroying over three-fourths of the hiber- 

 nating broods, and should be completed during the late fall, winter and early 

 spring months. There is apparently no considerable movement of the beetles 

 into green timber until early in July, but all control work should be completed 

 if possible by the first of June. 



If water is available, the infested logs may be floated; or the logs may be 

 sawn and the slabs burned before or during spring ; or the bark may be removed 

 from the infested portion of the trunks of the felled or standing trees during the 

 specified time. 



Logging operations, which include the burning of tops, the burning or barking 

 of cull-logs, the barking of stumps, and proper treatment of infested logs to 

 destroy broods contained in the bark, will go far towards protecting surrounding 

 timber. 



INJURIES TO LODGEPOLE OR BLACK PINE. 



The black pine, Pinus murrayana, occurs throughout the Interior of British 

 Columbia. It is considered by Sargent a variety of the scrub pine, Pinus con- 

 torta, which is found along the coast and on Vancouver island. 



It is subject to attack in British Columbia by two injurious species of Bark- 

 beetles : Dendroctonus monticolce and Dendroctonus murrayanoe; and by numbers of 

 species of secondary importance. 



Reports were received of considerable dying timber in parts of the Kootenays . 

 but these districts could not be visited this summer. The most important injury 

 observed was by the Mountain Pine Bark-beetle about Sugar Lake. This beetle 

 was there killing black pine quite as readily as the white pine. Outbreaks can be 

 controlled by the measures already recommended. 



INJURIES TO THE DOUGLAS FIR. 



The Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga mucronata, extends over a very wide area in the 

 southern half of British Columbia, from the eastern foot-hills of the Rockies to 

 the coast and Vancouver Island, with a very irregular northern and northwestern 

 limit. Throughout the area covered by the survey there were no very extensive 

 insect injuries found. The Douglas Fir Bark-beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae 

 Hopk., is perhaps its most serious enemy, and a number of other species are 

 important secondary enemies. 



THE DOUGLAS FIR BARK-BEETLE (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk.) 



The Douglas Fir Bark-beetle was found killing timber in small amount in 

 several places, notably in Creighton valley, (Vernon district), at Cowichan Lake 

 and at Campbell River near Seymour Narrows. The number of trees killed was 

 not large in any instance found; but such incipient outbreaks should be kept 

 under observation, so that proper control measures may be applied if they should 

 become necessary. 



