11 



Throughout the Okanagan and Similkameen many bull pines are stag- 

 headed. All such cases examined had been caused by bark-boring caterpillars 

 destroying the inner bark in patches about the trunk and bases of the branches, 

 working downwards from the top. These dead tops were covered with resin, 

 and perfectly sound. 



Fig. 1 Galls of the Sitka Spruce Gall Aphis, 



on Sitka Spiuce: Stanley Park, Vancouver. 



(Original.) 



The cones of the bull pine and Douglas fir are frequently infested by boring 

 caterpillars, which mine through the scales and axis and later destroy many 

 of the seeds. These are in some places sufficiently numerious to seriously 

 affect reproduction. 



The larger wood-borers, of the families Cerambycidce and Buprestidce, are 

 causing much loss to fire-killed or injured t ; mber, and to felled timber and logs 

 which are left in the limits, out of water, during two seasons or more. 



The Ambrosia-beetles (Timber-beetles, or Pin-hole Borers), are also respon- 

 sible for considerable loss under like conditions. 



574253 



