66 STATISTICAL METHODS. 



Amphibia. 



Seriations of variations in position of pelvic girdle in 

 Necturus, Bumpus, '97. 

 Pisces. 



Geographical races: in Leuciscus, Eigenmann, '95; in 

 adjacent lakes, Moenkhaus, '96; in schools of herring, Heincke, 

 '97; in flounders, Bumpus, '98; in mackerel, Williamson, '00. 

 See under Local Races. 



Various species: Pimephales fin-rays and scales of lateral 

 line, Voris, '99; Zeus faber, an ancestral Pleuronectid, has 

 its plates symmetrical in only 23.6% of the individuals, 

 Byrne, '02; dimensions of 141 Petromyzon, Lonnberg, '93. 

 Tracheata. 



Lepidoptera. Seriations of wing dimensions of Thyreus 

 abbotti. Field, '98; number of "eye-spots" on wing of Epi- 

 nephele, Bachmetjew, '03; number of spots on different 

 species of the genus Papilio, Mayer, '02; breadth of wing, 

 98 * Strenia clathrata C=4.57, Warren, '02. 



Aphidce. Asexually produced offspring show an average 

 variability of 60% that of the race, Warren, '02, p. 144; 

 seriation of fertility, empirical mode=7 young, Warren, '02, 

 p. 133; reduced variability of the earlier generations, because 

 they include only such as can produce fertile offsprmg,War- 

 ren, '02. 



Dimension. Grandmothers. Children. 



a C a C 



Frontal breadth 2.28mm. 6.07% 2.96mm. 8.26 



Length R. antenna 7.36 8.77 10.94 12.97 



. Lengthantenna x 23% 5 . 67 1>84 7 . 82 



Frontal breadth 



Myriapoda. Lithobius: seriations of length of adults, 

 C, for <$'s= 10.97; ?'s= 11. 25; number of prosternal teeth; 

 of antennal joints; of coxal pores in which C varies from 9.9 

 to 15.4, Williams, '03. 

 Crustacea. 



Podophihalmata. Seriations of 12 dimensions of right- 

 handed and left-handed " fiddler-crabs," Gelasimus pugilator, 

 C varies from 7.0 to 11.1, Yerkes, '01; relative variability of 

 male and female Eupagurus prideauxi from deep and from 

 shallow water, Schuster, '03; forehead breadths of Carcinus 



