STATISTICAL BIOLOGICAL STUDY. 83 



Pleuronectes flesus L., 1060 R.-eyed and 60 L.-eyed: Right- Left- 

 eyed, eyed. 



Num. of pectoral divided rays 997 .983 



Total num. pectoral rays. 604 .583 



Num. of ventral divided rays 326 .374 



Total num. of ventral fin-rays 019 .083 



Gelasimus pugilator Latr. (fiddler-crt,b). Right- Left- 

 handed, handed. 



Lateral edge of carapace 838 .793 



Length of meropodite, first ambulacral appendage. .813 .872 

 Length of meropodite, of carpopodite, and of pro- 



podite of chelae, all 1 .00 1 .00 



Num. of rays on R. and L. pectoral fins, Acerina 0.111 



" " glands on wrists of swine .0053 



DIRECT EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT. 



Animals. Aphids reared in successive generations in in- 

 creasingly unfavorable conditions have reduced dimensions, 

 Warren, '02: 



Grandmother. Grandchildren. 



Frontal breadth, Aphid. . A = 37 . 56 33 . 93 



Length of R. antenna. ... A = 83 . 91 76 . 59 



Ratio -5: A = 22.46 22.57 



.TV. A. 



Depauperization of mud-snail, Nassa, in diluted sea-water, 

 Dimon, '02. 



Plants. Conditions of life affect number of floral parts in 

 poppy, de Vries, '99, MacLeod, '00, Pearson and others, '03; 

 number of ray-flowers of Primula farinosa increases with 

 moisture, Vogler, '01 ; empirical mode in number of anthers 

 in Stellaria in poor environment is 3; in good environment 

 5, Reinohl, '03; leaf -blade smaller in light than in shade, 

 MacLeod, '98. 



LOCAL RACES. 



General. Davenport and Blankenship, '98, Davenport, '99. 



Pisces. Leuciscus from different altitudes, Eigenmann, 

 '95; herring from different sea-areas distinguishable, Heincke, 

 '97, 98; mackerel from three Scotch localities differ, Wil- 

 liamson, '00; fin-rays of Pleuronectes from New England 

 shore, Bumpus, '98: 



Wood Holl. Waquoit. Brfstol, R. I. 



Dorsal fin-iays. . . A = 66 , 1 65 . 2 64 . 9 

 Anal " ... 4 = 49.7 48.6 48.7 



