8o HISTOLOGY OF NUTRIENT FLUIDS. 



There can be little doubt of the destruction of the red glob- 

 ules by the malarial poison. Some suppose them to be de- 

 stroyed in the spleen or liver, and others in the vessels, and re- 

 gard their deposit in the spleen and other organs as secondary. 



2. Gluchcemia, also called mellit&mia, and from its effect 

 upon the kidneys glycosuria and diabetes. It refers to the 

 presence of sugar in the blood, stimulating the urinary secre- 

 tion, which also contains grape sugar. Various methods of 

 testing the urine for sugar have been proposed. The readiest 

 are the fermentation test, and Fehling's solution. A few drops 

 of the latter boiled with suspected urine will throw down a red 

 deposit of oxide of copper if sugar be present. Sometimes 

 inosite, or muscle sugar, is found in diabetic urine. This does 

 not reduce Fehling's solution but changes it to a green color. 



3. Aceton&mia. The coma which occurs in the latter stages 

 of diabetes is considered to be due to the action upon the 

 nervous system of a substance called acetone, a derivative of 

 acetic acid. This condition is called acetonaemia. Acetone 

 is found in the blood in other diseases besides diabetes. 



4. Cholcemia is the presence of bile in the blood. This is 

 generally from reabsorption caused by mechanical obstruction 

 to its flow into the intestines. The biliary coloring matter 

 colors nearly all the fluids and tissues yellow, producing icturus 

 or jaundice. Bile in. the blood dissolves the red globules and 

 sets free the haemoglobin. 



There is another form of jaundice, sometimes called haema- 

 togenous or blood icturus, which is produced by the transfor- 

 mation of the blood pigment of destroyed red globules into 

 bile pigment. Some regard the icturus of phosphorus poison- 

 ing, etc., as produced in this way. 



5. Urcemia is the retention in the blood of matter which is 

 usually excreted by the kidneys. Some refer to the condition 

 as lithaemia, but whether u rates or lithates are found actually 

 in the blood is uncertain. As albuminuria generally precedes 

 uraemic coma the urine should be tested for albumen, by boil- 

 ing and nitric acid. It has been suggested that in uraemia the 

 urea is changed into carbonate of ammonia, since the injection 

 of that substance into the blood produces similar symptons. 



