86 HISTOLOGY OF NUTRIENT FLUIDS. 



sis, including lupus). (7) B. lepnt. (8) B. mallei (of glan- 

 ders). (9) B. murisepticus. (10) B. diphtherias (n) B. of 

 syphilis. (12) B. of chicken cholera. (13) B. of diphtheria in 

 pigeons. (14) B. tetani. (15) B. of swine plague. 



The spiro bacteria, (i) Spirillum cholerae asiaticae-comma- 

 bacillus. (2) Spirillum of Finkler and Prior, and Sp. tyrogenum. 

 (These greatly resemble S. cholerae, but are not as pathogenic.) 

 (3) Sp. obermeieri (these are long spiral threads, found in blood 

 during the fever of remittents). 



b. Animal parasites in blood, (i) Protozoa. Of this class 

 of unicellular animals, the malarial parasite Plasmodinm nia- 

 larice of Laveran has attracted attention. Various shapes are 

 described, both intra-corpuscular and extra-corpuscular, but 

 some writers hold that they are but changed blood corpuscles. 

 Some of the forms described are flagellated, and quite motile. 

 Flagellated protozoa are found sometimes in the blood of 

 healthy rats, hamsters, and fishes (Haematomonas or Tricho- 

 monas), as well as in blood of horses and camels affected by a 

 disease called in India Surra. 



2. Vermes. (i) The filaria sanguinis hominis, a micro- 

 scopic worm found in warm countries like India, sometimes 

 occurs in the blood and urine of patients having chyluria and 

 haematuria. It produces lymph obstruction and local inflam- 

 mations. It is thought to spread by the agency of mosquitoes. 

 (2) Distomum haematobium. In certain cases of tropical dys- 

 entery in Egypt, Bilharz found this parasite in the portal vei n 

 It is a trematode worm, and its eggs collect in the bladder and 

 intestine, producing inflammation and hemorrhage. 



Trichinae, and the embryos of cysticerci and echinococci, are 

 rarely found in blood. 



1 1 . Ptomaines and leucomaines. 



Ptomaines are alkaloids resulting from the putrefaction of 

 albuminoid substances, as bacteria, etc. Leucomaines are 

 similar substances resulting from albuminoid decomposition 

 during life. Ptomaines are termed post-mortem alkaloids. 

 The poisonous effects of certain articles of food when in in- 

 cipient putrefaction first attracted attention to this subject, and 



