36 PROTOZOA RHIZOPOD A CLASS i 



posits occasionally of great thickness. Numerous representatives of the 

 Lagenidae (Nodosaria, Dentalina, etc.), Teniulnri'/ni', Eotalidae, and even the 

 Numrmtiinidae accompany the rock-building forms, and continue for the most 

 part throughout the Permian. Except in the Alps, the Triassic is almost 

 destitute of Foraminifera, and even the pure limestones and dolomites of the 

 Alpine Triassic have usually become so altered by metamorphism as to render 

 the recognition of tests well-nigh impossible. Notwithstanding, Globigerina 

 limestone has been discovered in the Upper Triassic of the Northern Alps, 

 and tests of Cristellaria, Marginulina, Globigerina, Textularia, BilocuUna, etc., are 

 found in the St. Cassian beds. 



Certain argillaceous and calcareous strata of the Lias and Jura contain 

 vast quantities of minute, vitreo-perforate or silicious Foraminifera. In the 

 Cretaceous, Textularia, Eotalia, Cristellaria, Globigerina, Miliola, and Coccoliths are 

 essential constituents of the White Chalk. Individual beds of the Maestricht 

 Chalk consist almost entirely of Calcarina remains ; in the Urgo-Aptian Orb- 

 itolina is the chief rock-builder ; in the Upper Cretaceous Alveolina. 



The maximum, development of the Foraminifera falls in the Tertiary 

 period. Massive beds of the Eocene Calcaire Grossier occurring in the Paris 

 basin and in the Pyrenees, and affording an excellent building material, are 

 composed of Miliolidae remains ; Other Eocene limestones consist of Alveolina, * 

 Operculina, Orbitolites, and Orbitoides aggregations. But of far greater geological 

 importance are the Nummulites, which occur in incredible abundance in the 

 Eocene and Oligocene Nummulites-formations of the Mediterranean district, 

 Asia Minor, and Eastern Asia. 



During the late Tertiary the Nummulites almost entirely disappear ; only 

 Amphistegina continues as an occasional rock-builder, and from the middle 

 and later Tertiary on, the Foraminifera fauna remains very nearly the same 

 as now. 1 



1 [Additional references to the Literature on Protozoa : 

 Soldani, A., Testaceographia ac Zoophytographia, etc., 1789. 



Fichtel und Moll, Testacea microscopia aliaque minuta ex generibus Argonauta et Nautilus, 1803. 

 Dujardin, F., Observations sur les Rhizopodes (Comptes Rendus), 1835. 

 ('In /in rede et Lachmann, Etudes sur les Infusoires et les Rhizopodes, 1858-59. 

 Parker and Jones, Nomenclature of the Foraminifera, (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.), 1858-75. 

 Terquem, 0., Meiuoires sur les Foraminiferes du Lias (Mem. de 1'Acad. Imp. de Metz), 1858-66. 

 \Vili;mson, W. C., On the Recent Foraminifera of Great Britain, 1858. 



Mutter, /"., Ueber die Thalassicolen, Polycystinen, uud Acanthometren ( Abhandl. Berliner Akad.), 1858. 

 Rewss, E. A., Entwurf einer systematischen Zusammenstellung der Foramiiiiferen, 1861. 

 Jones, Parker, and Brady, Monograph of the Foraminifera of the Crag, 1868. 

 Ehrenberg, C. G., Mikrogeologische Studien iiber das kleinste Leben der Meeres-Tiefgrunde. etc. 



(Abhandl. Berliner Akad.), 1872. 

 Zittel, If. A. von, Ueber fossile Radiolarien der obereu Kreide (Zeitschr. d. deutsch. geol. 



Gesellsch.), 1876. 



Leidy, J., Freshwater Rhizopods of North America (Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv. Territ. vol. XII.), 1879. 

 Dunibowski, E. von, Die Spongieu, Radiolarien, und Foramiiiiferen der Unter-Liasischen Schichten 



von Schafburg (Deukschr. Wiener Akad.), 1882. 



Brandt, K., Die kolouiebildenden Radiolarien (Sphaerozoeeu) des Golfes von Neapel, 1885. 

 Hdusler, R., Monographic der Foramiiiiferen - Fauna der schweizerscheu Transversarius - Zone 



(Abhandl. der schweiz. palaont. Gesellsch.), 1890. 

 Perner, J., Ueber die Foramiiiiferen des bohmischeu Cenomans. Palaeontographica Bohemica 



No. 1 (Abhandl. der k. bohm. Gesellsch. der Wissen. II. Classe), 1892. 

 Sherborn, C. D., Index to the Genera and Species of the Foraminifera (Smithsonian Misc. Coll. vol. 



XXXVII.), 1893-95. 



Very extensive bibliographies are contained in the works of Carpenter and Brady, cited on p. 19. 

 Reference may also be made here to the exhaustive bibliography of the Sponges, which will be found 

 in the monographs of Hinde and Rauff, cited on p. 42. TRANS.]. 



