CLASS ii BRACHIOPODA 291 



is especially well devi-lnjK-'l in tin- vicinity of Le Mans, Havre, and Essen, and in 

 Saxony, Northern Germany, and Bohemia. 



Bryozoans are surprisingly abundant in the Upper Cretaceous, particularly in the 

 Upper Planer of Northern Germany, Saxony, and Bohemia, in the White Chalk, and 

 the facies of Aix-la-Chapell.- and Maastricht. d'Orbigny alone has described not less* 

 than 547 species of Upper Cretaceous Cyclostomata, and about 300 Chilostoni'i'". 



The Chilostomata retain their supremacy throughout the Tertiary period. The 

 Eocene and Oligocene deposits of the northern and southern slopes of the Alps are 

 remarkable for the ulmndaiKv of tht-ir Bryozoan remains ; some of the most noted 

 Eocene localities being Kressenberg, Hammer, and Neubeuern in Upper Bavaria ; 

 Mossano, Crosara, and Priabona, near Vicenza ; and Oberburg in Styria. The 

 Oligocene of Northern Germany, and the Miocene of Touraine, the Rhone Valley, 

 Upper Swabia, and the Vienna Basin, are also remarkably rich in Bryozoan remains. 

 The Pliocene fauna of Italy, Rhodes, Cyprus, and England (notably the Coralline Crag), 

 is made up almost entirely of existing genera, and in many cases of existing species. 



[The entire systematic portion of the preceding Bryozoan chapter has been prepared for the 

 present edition W Mr. E. 0. Ulrich, whose important researches in this and other depart- 

 ments of invertebrate palaeontology are familiar to all students of the science. TRANS.] 



Class 2. BRACHIOPODA. Cuvier. Dumeril. 1 



Bwalved AjgttuMgidea with inequivalved, equilateral shells attached in extraneous 

 otyeds I y a posterior prulnniinlion. <>f flu' /-'/'///, or pedide^Jhroiujltoiif life or <liirinij only 



1 Literature : A. Systematic Works. 



von Buck, L., Ueber Terebrateln, Berlin, 1834. King, W., A Monograph of Permiau Fossils 

 (Palaeont. Soc.), 1849. Davidson, T., Monograph of British Fossil Brachiopoda, vols. I.-V. (Palaeont. 

 Soc.), 1851-86. Hall, J., Descriptions and Figures of the Fossil Brachiopoda of the Devonian 

 (Palaeont. of New York, vol. IV.), l8Q7.Quenstedt, F. A., Petrefactenkunde Deutschlands, 

 Bd. II., 1871. Deslongcliamps- Eudes, E., Paleontologie Franchise, Terr. Jnrass. vol. IV., 1879. 

 Jim-riDule, J., Systeme Silnrien du Centre de la Boheme, vol. V., 1879. Waagen, W., Salt Range 

 Fossils (Palaeont. Indica, ser. XIII., vol. I.), 1882-85. Deslongchamps, E,, Etudes critiques sur les 

 Brachiopodes nouveaux ou peu connus, 1884. Davidson, T., A Monograph of Recent Brachiopoda 

 (Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. IV.), 1886-88. Bittner, A., Brachiopoda der alpinen Trias (Abhaudl. der geol. 

 Reichs-Anst., Wien, Bd. XVI., XVII.), 1891-92. Hall, J., and Clarke, J. M., Introduction to the 

 Study of Palaeozoic Brachiopoda (Palaeont. of New York, vol. VIII.), 1892-95. Winchell, X. //.. and 

 Schuchert, C., The Lower Silurian Brachiopoda of Minnesota (Minn. Geol. Survey, vol. III.), 1893. 



B. Anatomy, Embryology, and Classification. 



Hancock, A., On the Organisation of Brachiopoda (Phil. Trans., vol. CXLVIII.), 1858. Dull, 

 JT. //., A Revision of the Terebratulidae and Lingulidae (Amer. Journ. Conchol., vol. VI.), 1870. 

 Morse, E. A., On the Early Stages of Terebratuliua septentrionalis (Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 

 vol. II.), 1873. On the Systematic Position of the Brachiopoda (Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 

 vol. XV.), 1873. Kovalevski, A. 0., Observation on the Development of Brachiopoda (Proc. Ini]>. 

 Soc. Amateur Nat. Moscow, vol. XIV.), 1874. Brooks, W. K., The Development of Liugula and the 

 Systematic Position of the Brachiopoda (Sci. Results Chesapeake Zool. Lab.), 1878. Shipley, A. E., 

 On the Structure and Development of Argiope (Mittheil. Zool. Station Neapel, Bd. IV.), 1883. 

 Oehlert in Fischer's Manuel de Conchyliologie. Paris, 1887. BeecJier, C. E., and Clarke, J. M., 

 The Development of some Silurian Brachiopoda (Mem. New York State Museum, vol. I.), 1889. 

 Beecher, C. E., Development of the Brachiopoda (Amer. Journ. Sci., vols. XLI., XLIV.), 1891-92 

 Revision of the Families of Loop-bearing Brachiopoda (Trans. Conn. Acad., vol. IX.), 1893. 

 Beecher, C. E,, and Schuchert, C., Development of the Shell and the Brachial Supports in Dielasma 

 and Zygospira (Proc. Biol. Soc., Washington, vol. VIIL), 1893. Hall, J., and Clarke, J. M., An 

 Introduction to the Study of the Brachiopoda (Report of the New York State Geologist, Parts I. and 

 TI.), 1892-93. Schuchert, C., A Classification of the Brachiopoda (Amer. Geol., vols. XL, XIII.), 

 1893-94. Synopsis of American Fossil Brachiopoda (Bull. U.S. Nat. Museum), 1896. Crone, A., 

 The Evolution of the Brachiopoda (Geol. Mag., vol. XXII.), 1895. 



C. Bibliography. 



Dcdl, W. H., Index to the Names which have been applied to the Subdivisions of the Class 

 Brachiopoda (Bull. U.S. Nat, Museum, No. 8), 1877. Davidson, T., and Dalton, W. H., Bibliography 

 of the Brachiopoda (Palaeout. Soc.), 1886. Schuchert, C., Synopsis, etc., see above. 



