S.K-ORDER D STVLOMMATOPHORA 495 



left side of the head. Buccal retractors present ; lung foramen ami </////.< mitf.n'ur t<> end 

 of foot, not ventral. 



This sub-order comprises most recent and all fossil land snails, and i.- di\ i-il.lc 

 into series or siiperfainily ^i-oups. The families proper are baaed almost wholly upon* 

 characters of the soft anatomy, \\hirli arc hrivin lar^-ly nmitt-d or abridged. 



Superfamily 1. HOLOPODA. Pilsbry. 



No longitudinal grooves above the margins of the foot ; jaw present, teeth quadrate. 



Family 1. Helicidae. Keferstein. Helices. 

 Shell depressed, globose, or oval and elevated. Tertiary and Recent. 



This comprises an enormous assemblage in the recent fauna, but most of the genera 

 have not as yet been found fossil. All the typical forms will probably in time be 

 traced back to the Eocene. Sub-family and generic characters are based largely upon 

 the genital system, and hence are of 

 little practical importance to the 

 palaeontologist. 



Polygyra, Say. Globose or de- 

 pressed, with the lip reflected, often 

 toothed. Miocene to Recent ; North 

 America. 



' Sagda, Beck Glossy, with many Dimorpjwptychia Ar) " dd i( Michaud. Lower Eocene ; 



close Whorls, the last usually With Rilly, near Rheims. B, Helix (Campylaea) inflew, Klein. 



in+aT-rml Inminnp anrl a sliarri lir. u PP er Miocene ; Morsingen. C, Helicodonta 



i Sliarp lip. Thom Lower Miocene . Hochheim, near Wiesbaden. 



Oligocene to Recent ; Antilles. 



Pleurodonte, Fisch. de Wald. Solid, large, depressed, and generally keeled ; aperture 

 often toothed. Oligocene to Recent ; Antilles, Florida. 



Helix, Linn. (Fig. 1038, A, B). Shell semi-globose, conical to discoidal, manifesting 

 great variability of form. Aperture oblique, crescentic or rounded, with disconnected 

 margins. Very profuse in the Tertiary and Recent of Europe and adjacent regions of 

 Asia and Africa. 



Helicodonta, Fer. (Fig. 1038, (7). Similar to Helix, but with thickened or 

 denticulated lip. Oligocene to Recent ; Europe. 



Other allied genera occur in European Tertiary deposits. Recent 

 Helicidae reproducing by extraordinarily large eggs are the following : 

 Helicophanta of Madagascar ; Acavus, Ceylon ; Panda, 

 Australia ; Strophocheilus, South America. 



Family 2. Bulimulidae. Fischer. 



Shell elongated, ovate, with narrow umbilicus or none. 

 Tertiary and Recent. 



Bulimulus, Leach. Miocene to Recent ; America. Am- 

 phidromus, Alb. Tertiary ; Europe and Asia. 



FKJ. 1039. 



A, ClausiUa HHoW, A. Famil y 3 " **&*** 



Braun. Lower Miocene; 

 Eckingen, near uim. B, c. Shell small, cylindrical or oval, with narrow whorls. 



iocaiiir Schiibler - Same Tertiary and Recent. 



Clausilia, Drap. (Fig. 1039). Shell turreted to fusiform, 

 slender, sinistraL Aperture pyriform, with usually continuous peristoine. Inner lip 



