496 



MOLLUSCA 



SUB-KINGDOM VI 



bearing two folds ; outer margin somewhat reflected ; the aperture usually closed 

 A B by a movable calcareous plate. Occurs 



sparingly fossil from the Eocene onward, and 

 represented by about 400 recent species. 



Pupa, Lam. (Fig. 1040, B). Shell 

 small, cylindrical -ovate. Aperture semi- 

 circular, usually constricted by teeth on 

 the columella and inner and outer lips. 

 The outer margin reflected. Tertiary and 

 Kecent. 



Dendropupa, Dawson (Fig. 1040, A) 



FIG. 1040. 



A, Dendropupa vetusta, 

 Dawson. Coal Measures ; 

 Nova Scotia (after Dawson). 

 , Pupa diversidens, Sandb. 

 Miocene ; Sansan, Gers (after 

 Sandberger). 



FIG. 104]. 



Like the last, but aperture without teeth. 

 Miocene; Carboniferous; Nova Scotia. 



Lo wf 



Thalflngen, near Ulm. 



Vertigo, Miiller. 



Buliminus, Ehrb. (Fig. 1041). High conic, solid, turreted. 



Tertiary and Eecent. 

 Eocene to Eecent. 



Family 4. Achatinidae. 



Ovate or elongate, imperforate shells, with the columella generally truncated at the 

 base. Upper Cretaceous to Recent. 



Achatina, Lam. Recent ; tropical Africa. 



Stenogyra, Shuttlew. ; Rumina, Risso ; Opeas, Alb. ; Rhodea, 

 Adams. These are all small members of the group, mainly Recent. 



Megaspira, Lea (Fig. 1042). Turreted, slender, very long ; 

 columella with transverse folds. Upper Cretaceous to Recent. 



Cionella, Jeffreys ; Azeca, Leach ; Caecilianella, Bourg., etc. 

 Tertiary and Recent. 



Superfamily 2. AGNATHA. Morch. 



Meijaspira exarata, 



Carnivorous snails, usually with no jaw, thorn-shaped teeth, and Eocene ; SI Riiiy, near 



without furrows above the foot-edges. 



Rheims 



FKI. 1043. 



Testacella Zellii, Klein. 

 Miocene ; Andelfingen 

 (after Sandberger). 



Family 1. Testacellidae. Gray. 



Shell spiral, of very small size, and situated near the tail of the 

 vermiform animal. Tertiary and Recent. 



Testacella, Cuv. (Fig. 1043). Shell auriform, 

 borne on the posterior end of the animal. 

 Tertiary and Recent. 



Parmacellina, Sandb. Eocene. Daude- 

 bardia, Hartm. (Helicophanta, Fer. p.p.). 

 Quaternary and Recent. 



Family 2. Grlaiidinidae. 



Shell oval or oblong, capable of containing the entire animal. 

 Cretaceous to Recent. 



Glandina, Schum. (Fig. 1044). Shell elongate- oval, with high 

 spire. Aperture notched in front ; columella truncated. Upper 

 Cretaceous to Recent. Other recent allied genera inhabit the 

 American tropics. elberg, near Ulm. 



FIG. 1044. 



