si I>I:K-<>KI>I:I; v 



MALACOSTi;.\r.\ 



859 



Fio. 1381. 



eight pairs of thoracic feet, which are similarly formed, provided with an exopodi 

 in one family (Mysidae] bear freely project in </ <////>. 



The Schizopods bear a nupuTi'-i;il n>.Miil.l;tiicc to the macruroua Decapoda, and 

 were formerly united with thai <.r<ln-. Two principal 

 groups are distinguished, the Myaid and Euphausid, 

 which by some authors are elevated into indt jH-mli-nt 

 orders. A few fossil remains have been, with some 

 colour of probability, assigned to tin- Schixopoda, such 

 as Pygocephalus, Huxley, from the English Coal 

 Measures, and Crangopsis, Salter (Palaeocrangon, Salter 

 non Schauroth ; Archaeocaris, Meek), from the Lower 

 Carboniferous of Scotland and base of tin- \Vavn-ly in 

 Kentucky. Pygocephalus also exhibits many Stomatopod 

 features. 



Anthrapalaemon, Salter (Fig. 1381), from the Coal 

 Measures of Scotland and Illinois, and Palaeopalaemon, 

 Whitfield, from the Devonian of Ohio, are of doubtful 

 position, but more properly classed with the Schi/opods 

 than Decapods. The former genus has a curiously sub- 

 divided telson, a toothed anterior margin of the carapace, 

 and biramous antennae. Palaeopemphix, Paraprosopon, Anthrapalaemongraciiis,'&i.ai}'\\\. 

 and Oonocarcinus, Gemmellaro, from the Permo-Carbon- gjj i^JSJ'ieSfSnrortJS*' 

 iferous of Sicily, are for the most part fragmentary 



remains, but without any decided Decapod features. The same is true of Pseudo- 

 galathea, Peach, from the Lower Carboniferous of Scotland. 



The family Nectotelsonidae of Brocchi comprises a few Carboniferous and Permian genera 

 whose relations to the recent Anaspides have been suggested by Caiman. These are : Palaeo- 

 caris, Meek and Worthen ; Uroncctes, Bronn (Gampsonyx, Jordan), (Fig. 1382) ; and 

 Nectotelson, Brocchi (but not Acanthotelson, M. and W.). They show a number of characters 

 common to all Malacostraca, but no typical characters of any one 

 order. Anaspides, Thomson, living in the mountains of Tasmania, 

 agrees with the extinct genera in the combination of Podophthalmate 

 characters with a completely segmented body and the lack of a 

 carapace ; and while having its nearest affinities with the Schizopods, 

 is also closely related to the Amphipods. 



The proposal to erect a separate order (Syncarida, Packard) for 

 this family, including Anaspides, seems hardly advisable, although it 

 is plain that many collective characters are here displayed. These 

 peculiar fossil forms indicate that a differentiation of Thoracostraca and 

 Arthrostraca took place as far back as the Upper Devonian, but dis- 

 tinctive ordinal features are not manifested until much later. [The 

 term Thoracostraca ( = Podophthalma} is used throughout this section 

 to connote the Schizopods, Stomatopods, and Decapods under one 

 head, as distinguished from the sessile-eyed Amphipods and Isopods.] 



Order 3. STOMATOPODA. Latreille. 1 



Gampsonyx flmMattu, 

 Jordan. Rotliliegendes ; 

 Lebach, near Saar- Elongated Malacostraca, in which the compound stalked eyes and 



uc en ' first pair of antennae are borne upon distinct movable segments. 



Carapace small, leaving the last four thoracic segments uncovered. There are Jive pairs 



Syncarida, Gampsonychidae, and Anthracaridae (Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci., III.), 1885. Also in Proc. 

 Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XXIV., 1889. Caiman, W. T., On the Genus Anaspides, etc. (Trans. Roy. 

 Soc., Edinburgh, XXXVIII.), 1896. Ortmcim, A. /:.. The Systematic Position of Crangopsis, etc. 

 (Amer. Journ. Sci. [4], IV.), 1897. 



1 Literature : 



Munster, G. Graf zu, Beitrage zur Petrefaktenkunde (Heft. III. p. 19 ; V. p. 76), 1840-42. 

 von der Mark, W., and Schltiter, C., Neue Fische und Krebse aus der Kreide von Westphalen 



