680 



ARTHROPODA 



SUB-KINGDOM VII 



The order Opiliones is distinguished from true spiders by having the cephalo- 

 thorax and abdomen fused. A number of species occur in amber, and according to 

 Haase, most of the Anthracomarti should 

 be placed here. The Araneae (Spiders) 

 have numerous fossil representatives, at 

 least one genus, Protolycosa (Fig. 1434), 

 occurring as early as the Carboniferous. 

 The majority, however, are found in 



FIG. 1432. 



Palaeophonus nuncius, Thorell and Lindstrom. 

 Silurian ; Wisby, Gottland. Vi (after Thorell). 



FIG. 1433. 



Eoscorpius carbonarius, Meek and W. Coal Measures ; 

 Mazon Creek, Illinois. A, 1/1- B, Pecten, enlarged. 



Oligocene amber (Fig. 1435); the lignites of Rott ; fresh-water marls of Aix in 



FIG. 1434. 



Protolycosa anthra- 

 cophila, Roemer. 

 Coal Measures ; 

 Myslowitz, Silesia 

 (after F. Roemer). 



FIG. 1435. 



FIG. 1436. 



Mlzalia rostrata, Koch and A ttoides eresiformis, Brongt. 

 Berendt, Oligocene ; Baltic Oligocene ; Aix, Provence, 

 amber. Copy, 3/ lt lo/j (after Brongniart). 



Tlwmisus Oeningensis, 

 Heer. Miocene; Oen- 

 ingen, Baden. 2/j (after 

 Heer). 



Provence (Fig. 1436) ; Oligocene fresh-water strata of Florissant, Colorado ; and the 

 Miocene of Oeningen, Baden (Fig. 1437). 



