684 



AETHEOPODA 



SUB-KINGDOM VII 



blattariae, Scudder. According to Brongniart, the female was, in some cases at least, 

 provided with a long ovipositor. 



The Forficutidae (Earwigs) are found in the Lias of Aargau, in 

 amber, and in the Tertiary of Aix, Oeningen, Monte Bolca, and 

 Florissant. 



True Blattariae (Cockroaches proper) begin in the Trias of 

 Colorado and Europe, and occur quite abundantly in the Lias of 

 Schambelen, Aargau, and in the Upper Jura of England and 

 Bavaria. They have also been shown to exist in amber and in 

 different Tertiary localities. Examples : Scutinoblattina, Neor- 

 throblattina, Legnophora, Trias. Blattidium, Rithma, Mesoblattina, 

 Blabera, Jura. 



FIG. 1445. 



Progonoblattina Col- 

 umbiana, Scudder. 

 Coal Measures ; Mazou 

 Creek, Illinois. 2/j. 



Drymadusa specie 



FIG. 1440. 

 sp. Miocene; Oeningen, Baden. 2 /j. 



FIG. 1447. 



Fossil remains of Mantidae and Phasmidae (Walking Sticks) occur rarely in the 

 Tertiary. The Acridiidae (Grasshoppers) ; Locustidae (Locusts, Fig. 

 1446) ; and Gryllidae (Crickets, Fig. 1447) are known from the Lias 

 onward, and are not uncommon in the Tertiary. A large grass- 

 hopper, Locusta speciosa, Munst., is found in the Lithographic 

 Slates of Bavaria. Pygolampis gigantea (Chresmoda obscured) is 

 considered by Haase as also a precursor of Mantidae and Phasmidae. 



Order 3. NBUROPTBRA. 



Both pairs of wings large, of nearly equal size, membranous, and 



traversed by numerous delicate 

 Antennae 



reticulated nervures. 



simple. Metamorphosis complete Q SSS 91 ^SSSS l l 



or incomplete. Baltic amber. 3/ 2 



(after Germar). 



Like the Orthoptera, Palaeo- 

 zoic forms of this order are characterised by their 

 meagre differentiation, and are called by Scudder 

 Neuropteroidea. Unless Palaeoblattina (see above) 

 belongs here, the oldest fossil remains are found 

 in the Devonian of New Brunswick (Lithentomum, 

 Xenoneura, Homothetus). A very considerable 

 number of genera, in part well preserved, are 

 known from the Carboniferous of Commentry, 

 Saarbriicken, Bohemia, Saxony, Great Britain, 

 and Illinois. Examples : Acridites, Palingenia, 

 Genentomum, Propteticus (Fig. 1448), Strephocladus, 

 Lithomantis (Fig. 1449), Lithosialis, Brodia. Chres- 

 totes, Hemeristia, Megathentomum, Mischoptera, 

 Psilothorax, Sphecoptera, Corydaloides, Homalo- 

 neura, Blanchardia, Gompsoneura, Meganeura (Fig. 1260, p. 604), etc. 



FIG. 1448. 



Propteticuk infernus, Scudder. 

 ires ; Illinois. 3 /o (after Scudder). 



