686 



ARTHROPODA 



SUB-KINGDOM VII 



Fossil remains of Sialidae, Hemerobidae (Lace-winged Flies), Panorpidae, and 

 Phryganidae (Caddis Flies) are first met with in the Trias and Jura, and increase 

 considerably in numbers during the Tertiary. Ootheca of gigantic Sialidae 

 (Corydalites) are known from the Laramie Beds of Colorado, 

 and from the Garumnien (Uppermost Cretaceous) of Provence. 

 The tubular larval cases of Phryganidae from the Tertiary 

 are sometimes 2-3 m. thick (Indusienkalk, calcaire 

 a induses, of Auvergne). 



Order 4. HBMIPTERA. (Rhynchota.) 



Fore wings coriaceous or membranous, larger 

 and more coarsely veined than the hind wings, which 

 are never folded. Mouth with jointed, beak -like, 

 suctorial rostrum. Metamor- 

 phosis incomplete. 



The oldest known fossil 

 insect is a somewhat obscure 

 wing, plainly Hemipterous 

 (Protocimex silurica, Moberg), 

 from the Graptolite Slates of 

 the Swedish Upper Ordo- 

 vician. Carboniferous genera 

 are Fulgorina, Dictyocicada, 

 Mecynostoma, and Phthano- 

 coris. The first-named is also 

 found in the Permian, together 

 with the remarkable genus 

 Eugereon (Fig. 1453), which 

 has large, membranous, 

 reticulated fore and hind wings, prolonged lancet -like mouth parts, and filiform 

 antennae. 



The oldest remains of Aphidae (Plant-lice) are found in the Wealden, and 

 numerous species occur in the Tertiary. Coccidae 

 (Scale Insects), Fulgoridae, Membracidae, Cicadellidae, 

 and Cicadidae (Harvest Flies) are tolerably abundant in 

 the Tertiary, especially in amber. Most of the families 



Eugereon Boecklngl, Dohrn. 

 s/ 4 (after Dohrn). 



FIG. 1453. 



Permian ; Birkenfeld, Oldenburg. 



FIG. 1454. 



Scarabaeides deperditus, Gennar. 

 Lithographic Slates ; Eichstadt, 

 Bavaria. */ s . 



FIG. 1455. 



Naiicoris dilatatus, Heer. 

 Miocene ; Oeningen. Eaden. 

 Vi (after Heer). 



FIG. 1456. 



Harpactor maculipes, 

 Heer. Miocene ; Oenin- 

 gen, Baden. */i (after 

 Heer). 



are represented as early as the Lias, or even by scanty remains in the Trias (Cercopyllis, 

 from Colorado). Cercopidium occurs in the Lias of Dobbertin. Eocicada and Prolystra 

 in the Lithographic Slates of Bavaria. 



