SUB-PHYLUM III 



INSECTA 



Order 7. LEPIDOPTBRA. Butterflies and Moths. 



Fore and hi ml iri,i<j.< timi'lnr, scaled, usually brilliantly coloured. Mouth parts 

 suctorial, forming a spiral proboscis. Metamorphosis complete. 



Lepidoptera are very rare in the fossil state, and known as yet only from t la- 

 Tertiary. Pseudosirex (Sphinx) Schroeteri, from the Lithographic Slates of Bavaria, was 

 considered a LepidopU-ron by Oppehheim, l>ut by Deichmuller as a wood-wa>p 

 (Uroceridae). 



Most of the larger groups have isolated representatives in the Tertiary. The 

 smaller moths (Microlepidoptera) occur in amber in various stages of development. 

 Two species of Phalaenidae are known from Radoboj ; a third is found at Aix, and 

 another (Lithopsyche) in the Isle of Wight. Species of Noctuidae and several 



FIG. 1469. 



Prodrya,s Persephone, Scudder. Oligocene ; Floris- 

 sant, Colorado. Vi- 



FIG. 1470. 



Barbarothea Florissanti, Scudder. 

 Oligocene ; Florissant, Colorado. Vi- 

 (after Scudder). 



Bombycidae have been described from Aix and from Oeningen. Of the Hawk-moths 

 (Sphingidae) Sphinx is found in amber, and Sesia at Aix. Butterflies are very rare, 

 but about a dozen genera are known from the fresh -water strata of Aix. Rott, 

 Radoboj, and Florissant. From the last-named locality Prodryas (Fig. 1469) is 

 exquisitely preserved. Two of the eight species known from this rich locality 

 (Prolibythea, Barbaro- 

 thea, Fig. 1470) belong 

 to the now nearly extinct 

 but widespread group of 

 Libytheinae. 



Order 8. 



HYMBNOPTERA. 



Fore wings larger 

 than the hind pair, thin, 

 membranous, with few 

 and separated nervures. 

 Mouth parts adapted for 

 biting and licking. Pro- 

 thorax fused. Metamor- Slates; Eichstadt, B:ivuria. 

 phosis complete. 



The oldest Hymenoptera occur in the Lias of Schambelen in Aargau, and belong 



to the ants. Apiaria, Belostomum (Fig. 1471), and Pseudosirex have been described 



from the Lithographic. Slates ; Formicium and Myrmicium from the Purbeck. All 



other remains are of Tertiary age, and belong to the Tenthredinidae (Fiir. 1 17^ . 



VOL. I 2 Y 



A tocus defessus, Scudder. Oligocene; Floris- 

 sant, Colorado. 3 /i. 



