6 UXFERMEXTED APPLE JUICE. 



out the use of chemical preservatives, such as benzoate of soda, which 

 is commonly used at present. Aside from hygienic reasons, experi- 

 ments (see p. 19) have shown that the use of benzoate of soda is far 

 from being a satisfactory means of preserving apple juice. The 

 objections urged against sterilizing are (1) that a "cooked" taste is 

 added to the juice, greatly injuring the flavor, and (2) that it is 

 impracticable to hold the juice sterile for more than a limited period. 

 These objections have been met. The investigations here reported 

 demonstrate that only a slight cooked taste is produced by the heat 



treatment required and that it is a 

 simple matter to protect the juice 

 from inoculation after sterilizing. 



EXPERIMENTS WITH BARRELS. 



Iii the experiments of 1906 a on 

 sterilizing in barrels, it was foynd 

 that they could be successfully used 

 as containers when it was desired to 

 keep the juice sweet for a few weeks. 

 In one experiment two 50-gallon 

 barrels were thoroughly cleaned, well 

 steamed, and filled with the juice 

 heated to between 149 and 158 F. 

 (65 and 70 C.). In sealing a cask 

 which is full of hot liquid, air should 

 be allowed to enter during cooling 

 to destroy the vacuum caused by the 

 contraction of the liquid. Unless 

 this is done, a severe strain is put on 

 the cask, greatly increasing the dan- 

 ger of contamination. In this experi- 

 ment, instead of at first driving in 

 bungs to close the barrels, clean cot- 

 ton plugs w^ere used. When the 

 casks and contents were cool, the 

 plugs were removed and wooden bungs which had been sterilized by 

 soaking in alcohol were quickly inserted. The juice kept for ten 

 days without showing fermentation. 



In this experiment the pasteurizer shown in fig. 1 was employed 

 and proved to be a very useful machine, capable of heating the juice 

 with perfect control of temperature at any desired rate up to several 

 hundred gallons per hour. This pasteurizer was built for about $50. 



FIG. 1. Pasteurizer for apple juice. 



Loc. cit. 



