If any person in the farmer's family is ill, pains should be taken to 

 exclude flies from the sick room. The patient should be protected by a 

 net to keep the flies from him, or else the sick room should be screened, 

 while flies which have gained access should be removed, caught or killed. 

 If it should prove to be a case of typhoid fever, be sure to have the 

 infected faeces well disinfected, and do not deposit them without such 

 precaution in an open privy vault, for in this way the latter may become a 

 serious menace to health. 



Flies in rooms can be killed, or at least their number vastly reduced, 

 by the use of fly paper, either of the sticky or "tanglefoot" kind, or of 

 chemical papers saturated with a poisonous solution ; mechanical traps 

 and other devices are also sold, which accomplish much good. A simple 

 remedy, first suggested by a Paris scientist and subsequently endorsed and 

 given a wide circulation by the London Lancet, consists in putting for- 

 maldehyde, diluted in water in the proportion of two teaspoonfuls to one 

 pint, in a shallow dish of water. This solution is said to destroy number- 

 less flies. The burning of pyrethrum or insect powder, or the simple dis- 

 tribution of the powder in the room by a sprayer, will also kill many of the 

 insects. It is said that flies abhor the odor of oil of lavender, and that 

 putting some of this oil on a cloth and rubbing the window sills and the 

 sides of window frames with it will drive flies away. Others advise keep- 

 ing a bunch or bag of sweet clover near the window. Some other house- 

 hold remedies are also available, and in cases where farmhouses are badly 

 infested with flies it is almost criminal negligence not to make some efforts 

 in one or the other of the directions given to exterminate the insects. 

 ****** 



Having in the preceding dealt with the fly nuisance and with the 

 methods to be pursued by farmers in the battle against flies, we shall now 

 devote some attention to mosquito control and extermination. 



Mosquitoes. 



It is said that there are over 200 different species of this insect, and, 

 according to Dr. Felt, there are over fifty known species in this state alone. 

 For our purposes this is not really material, because in instituting practi- 

 cal measures for the extermination of the mosquito it is not required to 

 distinguish between the different kinds. But it should be mentioned that 

 while the ordinary or domestic mosquito makes itself annoyingly felt only 

 through its bite, there are two species which are to be more dreaded 

 because they are instrumental in the spread of disease. Mosquito-borne 

 infection concerns principally two kinds of disease, namely, malaria and 

 yellow fever. The anopheles mosquito is now almost universally recog- 

 nized to be the indirect cause of the transmission of malaria, and the 

 yellow fever mosquito or Stegomyia callopus of 'the southern states and of 

 tropical countries is said to be, according to recent investigations of 

 scientists, the only carrier of yellow fever germs. 



It should perhaps be mentioned that there are still some opponents to* 

 the "mosquito "theory" of the transmission of these and of some other 

 bacterial diseases, but their non-belief is usualty restricted to the view that: 



