CONTENTS. 



Page. 



Introduction 7 



Methods of production 9 



Destructive distillation 9 



Steam distillation 10 



Extraction with solvents 11 



Refining wood turpentine and wood oils 13 



Equipment for the manufacture of wood turpentine 14 



Cost of producing wood turpentine 15 



Yields of various products from the distillation of resinous woods 17 



Properties and composition of wood turpentine 20 



Pine oils 23 



Principles of fractional distillation 23 



Experiments in refining wood turpentine 27 



Use of the periodic column still 28 



Use of the pot still 31 



Conclusions in regard to refining 34 



Varnish and paint experiments 35 



Analyses of the turpentines and varnishes employed 35 



Comments of those who tested the varnishes 38 



Discussion and summary of the varnishing experiments 39 



Coach-finishing varnishes 39 



Piano-rubbing varnishes 40 



Piano-finishing varnishes 41 



Commercial opinions as to the value of wood turpentine 44 



Opinions of wood turpentine producers 44 



Opinions of paint and varnish makers 45 



Opinions of users of paints and varnishes 48 



Conclusions 50 



Possible production from waste material 50 



Location, management, and operation of plant 51 



Industrial development 52 



Refining 55 



Standards of quality 56 



Value of wood turpentines as paint and varnish thinners 57 



Tabulation of results 58 



1. Commercial and experimental samples of refined wood turpentine 58 



2. Pine oils and still residues 60 



3. Crude wood turpentine 61 



4. Distillation data on refining crude steam-distilled wood turpentine with 



steam in a beer still 62 



5. Distillation data on refining crude steam-distilled wood turpentine in a 



column refining still 63 



6. Fractionation of crude steam-distilled wood turpentine in two forms of 



column stills 64 



7. Redistillation of mixed first fractions 65 



5 



